本文選題：三維地理模型 + 快速制造��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從古至今,感知戰(zhàn)場環(huán)境,掌握地勢地形,是軍隊(duì)排兵布陣的基礎(chǔ),分析和應(yīng)用地圖則始終是這一感知過程不可或缺的工具。隨著快速制造技術(shù)的興起,傳統(tǒng)地圖以三維立體的形式表現(xiàn)出來,產(chǎn)生了三維地理模型。這種模型可藝術(shù)地模擬再現(xiàn)自然景觀,直觀表達(dá)地形地貌、地物特征和專題信息,是對客觀世界真實(shí)形態(tài)的仿真表達(dá)。它與傳統(tǒng)沙盤相比,具有精度高、重量輕、便于攜帶的特點(diǎn),特別是地形顯示更加精細(xì)明確,為軍事地形分析、首長指揮決策、部隊(duì)遂行任務(wù)等提供了準(zhǔn)確可靠的依據(jù)。然而,國內(nèi)對三維地理模型快速制造技術(shù)的相關(guān)研究還比較少,因此本文將根據(jù)長期研究和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐,總結(jié)基于三維雕刻及三維噴繪技術(shù)的三維地理模型生產(chǎn)流程,旨在為模型的高效生產(chǎn)和相關(guān)研發(fā)提供基本的理論探討和經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)�？焖僦圃旒夹g(shù)是將待打印物體數(shù)字化生成固定格式的三維模型文件,并運(yùn)用粉末狀金屬、可融性塑料線圈、紙張、或者泡沫板、木板、石板等材料,通過逐層疊加或刪減的方式來構(gòu)造再現(xiàn)實(shí)物模型的一種技術(shù)�？焖僦圃旒夹g(shù)可分為增材制造和減材制造。本文首次將減材制造技術(shù)引入理信息領(lǐng)域,結(jié)合地理空間數(shù)據(jù)建模、大幅面數(shù)控雕刻和三維噴繪著色技術(shù)等,對三維地理模型和高精度三維地形圖的制作工藝流程進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新性設(shè)計(jì),使先進(jìn)的快速制造技術(shù)和三維噴繪技術(shù)應(yīng)用于地理模型制作中成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。消除了傳統(tǒng)地理模型制作方法來帶的人為誤差,準(zhǔn)確地描述了地形起伏的細(xì)微特征。通過高密度塑料泡沫板以及高密度聚氨酯材料進(jìn)行制作,不僅能有效解決三維地理模型打印原材料成本過高、色彩表達(dá)度不夠等問題,而且大大降低了大幅面三維地理模型的制作周期,彌補(bǔ)了通過3D打印技術(shù)在三維地理模型制作中的不足。此外還對三維噴繪機(jī)器人的工作原理及相關(guān)技術(shù)以及三維噴繪系統(tǒng)使用的分色算法等進(jìn)行研究,通過改進(jìn)角度優(yōu)化方法來減少模型制作過程中的誤差,同時(shí)對模型表面的圖片紋理信息進(jìn)行人工干預(yù)處理,使制作出的模型效果更為逼真。隨著制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展,三維地理模型在地理要素的準(zhǔn)確性及精度方面會越來越高,值得加強(qiáng)研究推廣和應(yīng)用。利用聲、光、電、多媒體等技術(shù)與模型相結(jié)合,可以使效果更加逼真,使用功能更加全面。將地理信息系統(tǒng)與模型結(jié)合起來,可實(shí)現(xiàn)緩沖區(qū)分析,最短路徑分析等,讓三維地理模型快速制造技術(shù)變得越來越有價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:From ancient to present, understanding battlefield environment and mastering terrain is the foundation of army platoon array, and analysis and application of map is always an indispensable tool for this perception process. With the rise of rapid manufacturing technology, traditional maps are presented in the form of three-dimensional, resulting in three-dimensional geographical models. This model can be used to simulate and reproduce the natural landscape, express the landform, features and special information, and is the simulation expression of the real form of the objective world. Compared with the traditional sand table, it has the characteristics of high precision, light weight and easy to carry. Especially, the terrain display is more precise and clear, which provides an accurate and reliable basis for military terrain analysis, command and decision making by the chief, and the task of the army. However, there are few researches on 3D geographic model rapid manufacturing technology in China. Therefore, according to the long-term research and production practice, this paper will summarize the 3D geographic model production flow based on 3D carving and 3D spray painting technology. The aim is to provide basic theoretical discussion and experience summary for efficient production and related R & D of the model. Rapid manufacturing technology is to digitize the objects to be printed into three-dimensional model files in a fixed format, using powder metal, thawable plastic coils, paper, or foam, plank, stone, etc. A technique for constructing and reproducing a physical model by stacking or deleting it layer by layer. Rapid manufacturing technology can be divided into increased material manufacturing and reduced material manufacturing. In this paper, the technology of material reduction is introduced into the field of theory information for the first time, which combines with the modeling of geospatial data, large format numerical control engraving and 3D painting and coloring, etc. The process flow of 3D geographical model and high precision 3D topographic map is innovatively designed, which makes the advanced rapid manufacturing technology and 3D spray painting technology become a reality in the manufacture of geographical model. The artificial error of traditional geographical model making method is eliminated and the fine features of terrain undulation are accurately described. The high density plastic foam board and the high density polyurethane material can not only effectively solve the problems such as high cost of raw materials and insufficient color expression of 3D geographic model printing, etc. Moreover, it greatly reduces the production cycle of large format 3D geographic model, and makes up for the deficiency of 3D geographic model making by 3D printing technology. In addition, the working principle and related technology of 3D spray painting robot and the color separation algorithm used in 3D spray painting system are also studied, which can reduce the errors in the process of making the model by improving the angle optimization method. At the same time, the image texture information on the surface of the model is processed manually to make the model more realistic. With the development of manufacturing technology, the accuracy and accuracy of 3D geographical model will be higher and higher, so it is worth strengthening the research and application. Sound, light, electricity, multimedia and other technologies combined with the model, can make the effect more realistic, more comprehensive use function. Combining geographic information system with model, buffer analysis and shortest path analysis can be realized, which makes rapid manufacturing technology of 3D geographical model more and more valuable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P287;TP391.73

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