本文選題：車載激光測量系統(tǒng) + 點云��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著公路交通行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,新增路網(wǎng)大量需求,又由于早期建成的公路設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較低和超大服役等因素,使得道路新建、改建、擴(kuò)建、維護(hù)等工程對專業(yè)測量的高效、精確、快速、安全等需求日益迫切,車載LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。車載激光測量系統(tǒng)可以快速采集公路三維信息,包含點云坐標(biāo)、屬性信息、影像數(shù)據(jù)等,點云具有精度高、信息豐富等特性。車載LiDAR技術(shù)應(yīng)用于公路測量相關(guān)任務(wù),對提高效率和節(jié)約成本具有重大意義。 本文簡要介紹了利用車載激光測量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行公路數(shù)據(jù)采集的工作方法以及技術(shù)要點,然后詳細(xì)闡述了基于車載點云的公路三維建模方法,并對關(guān)鍵算法進(jìn)行了設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),主要包括地面點濾波、數(shù)據(jù)修補(bǔ)與抽稀、點云構(gòu)網(wǎng)以及特征地物分類提取等內(nèi)容。原始數(shù)據(jù)包含路面、護(hù)欄、車輛、附屬設(shè)施、樹木和草叢等信息,首先采用基于掃描線的濾波方法將地面點與非地面點分離,接著對因遮擋造成的路面數(shù)據(jù)損失進(jìn)行修補(bǔ),并可以有選擇性地進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)抽稀,然后基于掃描線間三角剖分的方法構(gòu)建三角網(wǎng)；另外,本文特征地物分類提取的研究對象是樹和路燈,主要根據(jù)其各自空間形態(tài)特點進(jìn)行。 目前,車載激光測量系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用日漸增多,車載點云處理技術(shù)也亟待完善,針對不同專業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域需要有相應(yīng)的處理技術(shù)和方法。本研究即對車載LiDAR技術(shù)應(yīng)用于公路三維信息獲取與建模提出了解決方案和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方法,并選取了一段具有代表性的公路點云數(shù)據(jù),對提出的方法進(jìn)行了驗證分析,得到了較理想的結(jié)果。結(jié)果證明,車載點云的精度滿足公路測量精度需求,基于車載點云生成的公路三維模型可以實現(xiàn)公路勘測相關(guān)應(yīng)用,如生成縱、橫切面剖面圖,計算面積和土方量,查詢?nèi)我恻c位信息,動畫展示和水淹沒分析等,該技術(shù)可應(yīng)用于公路勘測設(shè)計和改擴(kuò)建、公路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施普查、公路景觀可視化等工程。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway traffic industry, a large number of new road network demand, and due to the early built highway design standards and oversized service and other factors, such as road construction, reconstruction, expansion, maintenance and other projects to professional survey efficiency. The demand of precision, speed and security is more and more urgent. The LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging) technology emerges as the times require. The vehicle laser measurement system can quickly collect 3D highway information, including point cloud coordinates, attribute information, image data, etc. The point cloud has the characteristics of high accuracy and rich information. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency and save the cost by applying the LiDAR technology to highway survey related tasks. This paper briefly introduces the working method and technical points of highway data acquisition using vehicle-mounted laser measurement system, and then expounds the road 3D modeling method based on vehicle point cloud in detail, and designs and implements the key algorithm. It mainly includes ground point filtering, data repairing and thinning, point cloud structure network and feature classification and extraction. The original data includes road surface, guardrail, vehicle, ancillary facilities, trees and grass. Firstly, the ground point is separated from the non-ground point by the method of scanning line filtering, and then the road surface data loss caused by occlusion is repaired. The data can be thinned selectively, and then triangulation can be constructed based on the method of triangulation between scanning lines. In addition, tree and street lamp are the research objects of feature extraction in this paper, which are mainly based on their spatial morphological characteristics. At present, the application of vehicle laser measurement system is increasing day by day, and the point cloud processing technology of vehicle needs to be improved urgently, and the corresponding processing techniques and methods are needed for different professional application fields. In this study, we put forward the solution and key technology methods for the application of vehicle-mounted LiDAR technology in highway 3D information acquisition and modeling, and selected a representative section of road point cloud data, and analyzed the proposed method. A better result is obtained. The results show that the accuracy of vehicle point cloud can meet the needs of highway measurement accuracy, and the highway 3D model based on vehicle point cloud can be used for highway survey, such as the generation of longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles, the calculation of area and earthwork. The technology can be used in highway survey, design, reconstruction and extension, highway infrastructure survey, highway landscape visualization and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P225.2;U412.2

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