本文選題：檸條塔礦區(qū) + 地面沉降　； 參考：《長安大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達干涉測量(SyntheticApertureRadar Interferometry，InSAR)及差分干涉測量(Differential InSAR,DInSAR)技術(shù)是近年來迅速發(fā)展起來的一種的空間對地觀測技術(shù)，可全天候、大范圍、快速地獲取高精度的地表形變信息，在地球科學的諸多領(lǐng)域如地震、火山、礦區(qū)塌陷、地面沉降、滑坡、冰川移動等地質(zhì)災害監(jiān)測中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 礦區(qū)地面沉降是一個復雜的地表形變過程，常規(guī)的地面沉降監(jiān)測方法如水準與GPS等難以滿足快速、大面積監(jiān)測的需要。InSAR技術(shù)是有效的監(jiān)測手段之一。為解決InSAR技術(shù)中時空等去相關(guān)因素的影響，近年來逐漸發(fā)展起來的基于相干點目標的時序差分干涉測量技術(shù)成了研究熱點。但是針對研究區(qū)域的差異和數(shù)據(jù)集的特點，時序差分干涉技術(shù)的相關(guān)算法和環(huán)節(jié)還有待進一步優(yōu)化。 本文以陜北黃土溝壑區(qū)域的神木縣檸條塔礦區(qū)為實驗區(qū)，基于9幅ENVISAT/ASAR影像，利用時序差分干涉技術(shù)，，在干涉紋圖集構(gòu)建、相干點目標識別、三維相位解纏、地表沉降量提取、DEM殘差估計、大氣延遲分離等方面進行了深入分析與研究，提取了N1201工作面在2009.04-2010.09期間的地表沉降發(fā)育情況，結(jié)合開采情況與地面觀測結(jié)果進行對比驗證。 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容可分為以下幾個部分： 1)在系統(tǒng)分析DInSAR基本原理、技術(shù)特點、誤差來源和數(shù)據(jù)處理流程的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了參考DEM誤差、衛(wèi)星軌道誤差及地表形變對差分干涉相位的貢獻程度，并推導了相應(yīng)的比對公式。 2）相干點目標選取。分別從振幅、相位、振幅與相位信息相結(jié)合的角度，詳細比較了基于幅度穩(wěn)定性、相位穩(wěn)定性、時序相關(guān)性及振幅離差閾值等多種點目標提取方法。針對SAR數(shù)據(jù)集特點，提出了基于時序相關(guān)系數(shù)閾值與振幅離差閾值并集的點目標識別策略，給出了相應(yīng)模型。 3)地面沉降速率反演模型探討。借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)流的基本思想，采用最小費用網(wǎng)絡(luò)流相位解纏模型，從時間維再到空間維的相位解纏，以時間維的累積相干系數(shù)和空間維的時間相干系數(shù)作為權(quán)重費用函數(shù)。利用相鄰PS點之間的自相關(guān)特性建模，采用最大模型相關(guān)系數(shù)法、線性回歸法對地表線性形變速率模型了進行探討。同時，基于相位解纏結(jié)果和殘余相位的特性，采用時間域高通濾波和空間域低通濾波分離出非線性形變分量和大氣噪聲分量。 4）地面沉降信息驗證及分析�；�9幅ENVISAT/ASAR影像，利用時序差分干涉測量技術(shù)對檸條塔礦區(qū)地面沉降進行了實證研究，分離出了DEM高程偏差和大氣噪聲相位，提取了地表沉降發(fā)育情況，并結(jié)合開采情況和地面實測數(shù)據(jù)進行了對比分析。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and differential Interferometry (DInSAR) are rapidly developed space-to-earth observation techniques in recent years. It has been widely used in many fields of earth science, such as earthquake, volcano, mining area collapse, land subsidence, landslide, glacier movement and other geological hazards monitoring. Land subsidence in mining area is a complex process of surface deformation. Conventional monitoring methods such as leveling and GPS are difficult to meet the requirement of rapid monitoring. InSAR technology is one of the effective monitoring methods. In order to solve the influence of spatio-temporal and spatio-temporal de-correlation factors in InSAR technology, the time-series differential interferometry based on coherent point targets has become a hot research topic in recent years. But according to the difference of the region and the characteristics of the data set, the related algorithms and links of the temporal differential interferometry need to be further optimized. In this paper, the Caragana Tower Mining area of Shenmu County in the loess gully region of Northern Shaanxi is taken as the experimental area. Based on 9 ENVISAT/ASAR images, the interference pattern atlas is constructed by using time series differential interferometry, the coherent point target is identified, and the 3D phase unwrapping is carried out. The Dem residual error estimation and atmospheric delay separation of surface subsidence extraction are analyzed and studied in depth. The ground subsidence development of N1201 face during 2009.04-2010.09 is extracted, and the comparison between mining situation and surface observation results is carried out. The main contents of this paper can be divided into the following parts: 1) based on the systematic analysis of the basic principle, technical characteristics, error source and data processing flow of DInSAR, the contribution of reference DEM error, satellite orbit error and ground deformation to the differential interferometric phase is analyzed. The corresponding comparison formula is deduced. 2) selection of coherent point target. From the angle of amplitude, phase, amplitude and phase information, the extraction methods based on amplitude stability, phase stability, temporal correlation and amplitude deviation threshold are compared in detail. According to the characteristics of SAR data set, a point target recognition strategy based on the combination of temporal correlation coefficient threshold and amplitude deviation threshold is proposed, and the corresponding model is given. 3) the inversion model of land subsidence rate. Based on the basic idea of network flow, the phase unwrapping model of minimum cost network flow is adopted, from time dimension to spatial dimension, the cumulative coherence coefficient of time dimension and time coherence coefficient of space dimension are taken as weighted cost function. Based on the autocorrelation characteristics of the adjacent PS points, the linear deformation rate model of the surface is studied by using the maximum model correlation coefficient method and the linear regression method. At the same time, based on phase unwrapping results and residual phase characteristics, nonlinear deformation components and atmospheric noise components are separated by time-domain high-pass filtering and spatial low-pass filtering. 4) validation and analysis of land subsidence information. Based on 9 ENVISAT/ASAR images, the ground subsidence in Caragana Tower mining area was studied by time series differential interferometry. The DEM height deviation and atmospheric noise phase were separated, and the ground subsidence development was extracted. Combined with the mining situation and the measured data on the ground, a comparative analysis is carried out.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P642.26;P225.1

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