發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-23 16:54

  本文選題：滇中引水工程 + 巖溶區(qū)��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：滇中引水工程是解決包括昆明在內(nèi)的滇中地區(qū)嚴(yán)重水資源短缺的重要水利工程,其中昆明段可溶巖分布廣泛,線路穿過的層位中有33.24%為可溶巖,由于巖溶地區(qū)地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,工程施工過程中易發(fā)生大規(guī)模的涌突水、巖溶塌陷等災(zāi)害,同時(shí)大量的抽排地下水,極易造成區(qū)域地下水位的下降,對巖溶水環(huán)境造成極大的影響。因此,有必要對工程區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育規(guī)律及巖溶地質(zhì)環(huán)境中工程建設(shè)的適宜性進(jìn)行研究,為工程線路優(yōu)化提供一定的依據(jù)。 本文從研究區(qū)地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件出發(fā),通過分析巖溶地質(zhì)環(huán)境中引水工程施工可能引發(fā)的巖溶環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題及其影響因素,確定巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性評價(jià)指標(biāo),利用AHP法建立數(shù)學(xué)評價(jià)模型,運(yùn)用GIS空間分析和疊加功能對引水工程巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性進(jìn)行評價(jià)；同時(shí),從災(zāi)害發(fā)生機(jī)理角度結(jié)合水文地質(zhì)條件分析預(yù)測可能出現(xiàn)的巖溶環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題；將預(yù)測結(jié)果與工程適宜性評價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,對巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià),并提出線路優(yōu)化及災(zāi)害防治措施建議。論文主要的研究成果有以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)研究區(qū)巖溶的發(fā)育具有典型的亞熱帶巖溶發(fā)育的特征,地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、地形地貌、新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動是研究區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育的主要控制因素。 (2)通過對研究區(qū)巖溶發(fā)育規(guī)律、巖溶含水層組及其富水性、巖溶水補(bǔ)徑排特征、巖溶水水化學(xué)特征的分析,將研究區(qū)劃分為3個(gè)一級地下水系統(tǒng),分別為：東-西河系統(tǒng)(Ⅰ)、富民盆地系統(tǒng)(Ⅱ)、滇池系統(tǒng)(Ⅲ)。 (3)通過分析地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、地形地貌、巖溶發(fā)育程度、含水巖組富水性、巖溶病害分布特征、隧道工程技術(shù)因素對工程施工巖溶災(zāi)害發(fā)生的影響,確定巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性評價(jià)因子,利用AHP法建立數(shù)學(xué)評價(jià)模型,運(yùn)用GIS空間分析和疊加功能對引水工程巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性進(jìn)行評價(jià)。評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示滇中引水工程有25.16km、25.34km、15.76km線路段穿越工程適宜性較差區(qū)、中等區(qū)、較好區(qū),分別占線路全長的16.78%、16.90%、10.51%。 (4)根據(jù)隧道涌突水、工程對地下水環(huán)境的破壞、巖溶塌陷的發(fā)生機(jī)理,結(jié)合水文地質(zhì)條件分析,對引水工程的涌突水量、涌突水影響范圍、巖溶塌陷進(jìn)行了初步預(yù)測,從災(zāi)害發(fā)生機(jī)理的角度對巖溶區(qū)工程建設(shè)的適宜程度進(jìn)行評價(jià)。 (5)將巖溶地質(zhì)問題預(yù)測結(jié)果與基于GIS的工程適宜性評價(jià)結(jié)果對比分析可知,涌突水災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性極高段基本與巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性較差段吻合,少數(shù)線路段涌突水災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性評價(jià)結(jié)果與工程適宜性評價(jià)結(jié)果相差1個(gè)級別,極個(gè)別線路段達(dá)到2個(gè)級別；工程施工對地下水環(huán)境的影響范圍整體上具有工程適宜性越差影響范圍越大的趨勢；線路80%的巖溶塌陷易發(fā)段分布在工程適宜性較差區(qū),20%分布在工程適宜性中等區(qū)。 根據(jù)對比分析結(jié)果對巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià),評價(jià)結(jié)果顯示引水工程昆明段除個(gè)別線路段外基于GIS的巖溶區(qū)工程適宜性評價(jià)結(jié)果可靠性較高,適宜性評價(jià)結(jié)果可選用基于GIS的評價(jià)結(jié)果,同時(shí)對存在較大誤差的線路段的工程適宜性進(jìn)行修正。 (6)對引水工程巖溶災(zāi)害的防治,首先應(yīng)根據(jù)工程適宜性綜合評價(jià)結(jié)果對線路進(jìn)行優(yōu)化；其次,對于通過線路優(yōu)化仍然不能避免巖溶災(zāi)害發(fā)生的線路段,應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆乐未胧?保證工程的施工運(yùn)營安全,并將工程施工對地下水環(huán)境的影響降至最低。
[Abstract]:The water diversion project in Central Yunnan is an important water conservancy project to solve the serious water shortage in the central Yunnan area, including Kunming. Among them, the karst area in the Kunming section is widely distributed, and 33.24% of the lines pass through the lines are soluble rocks. Because of the complex geological conditions in the karst areas, large scale water inrush and karst collapse are prone to occur during the construction process. At the same time, a large number of draining ground water is very easy to cause the decline of the regional groundwater level, which has a great influence on the karst water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the law of karst development and the suitability of the engineering construction in the karst geological environment, so as to provide a certain basis for the optimization of the engineering lines.
Based on the geological environment conditions in the study area, by analyzing the possible karst environmental geological problems and its influencing factors in the construction of the karst geological environment, the suitability evaluation index of the karst area engineering is determined, the mathematical evaluation model is established by the AHP method, and the GIS spatial analysis and superposition function are applied to the karst area project of the diversion project. At the same time, according to the analysis of the mechanism of disaster and the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, the possible karst environmental geological problems are predicted, and the prediction results are compared with the results of engineering suitability evaluation, and the suitability of the karst area engineering suitability is synthetically evaluated, and the route optimization and disaster prevention measures are proposed. The research results are as follows:
(1) the development of karst in the study area is characterized by typical subtropical karst development, stratum lithology, geological structure, topography and geomorphology, and neotectonic movement are the main controlling factors of karst development in the study area.
(2) through the analysis of the law of karst development in the study area, the characteristics of the karst aquifer and its water rich, the characteristics of karst water filling and drainage, the analysis of the chemical characteristics of karst water and water, the study area is divided into 3 first grade groundwater systems, which are the East West River System (I), the Fumin basin system (II) and the Dianchi system (III).
(3) through the analysis of stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, topography, karst development, water rich and karst disease distribution characteristics of water rock group, the influence of tunnel engineering technical factors on the construction of karst disasters, determine the suitability evaluation factor of karst area engineering, establish mathematical evaluation model with AHP method, use GIS spatial analysis and superposition. The evaluation results show that the water diversion project in Central Yunnan has 25.16km, 25.34km, 15.76km line section in poor suitability, medium and good area, which accounts for 16.78%, 16.90%, 10.51%. of the total length of the line.
(4) according to the water inrush in the tunnel, the damage of the groundwater environment and the mechanism of the karst collapse, combined with the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, the initial prediction of the water flow in the water diversion project, the impact range of the inrush water and the karst collapse is preliminarily predicted, and the suitability of the construction of the karst area is evaluated from the angle of the disaster occurrence mechanism.
(5) comparing the results of karst geological problems with the results of engineering suitability evaluation based on GIS, it is found that the high risk of water inrush hazard is basically consistent with the poor suitability section of the karst area, and the result of the hazard assessment of the flood disaster of a few line segments is 1 levels with the engineering suitability evaluation results, and the extreme individual line segments are reached. To 2 levels, the influence of engineering construction on the groundwater environment has a tendency to have greater impact on the overall engineering suitability, and the prone section of karst collapse in line 80% is distributed in the poor area of engineering suitability, and 20% is in the middle area of engineering suitability.
According to the results of comparison and analysis, the suitability of karst area engineering suitability is synthetically evaluated. The results show that the result of the suitability evaluation of the karst area based on GIS in the Kunming section of the diversion project is high. The results of the suitability evaluation can be selected based on the evaluation results of GIS, and the engineering of the line section with large error is also available. Amend the suitability.
(6) the prevention and control of karst disasters in the diversion project should be optimized first according to the comprehensive evaluation results of engineering suitability. Secondly, appropriate measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the engineering operation and the shadow of the underground water environment. The noise is down to the lowest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TV67;TV221.2;P208

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