本文選題：GIS（地理信息系統(tǒng)） + 雷電監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警�。� 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：深圳位于珠江入�？冢瑢儆谘睾５貛�，主要屬于亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候。由于深受季風(fēng)的影響，夏季盛行偏東南風(fēng)，時(shí)有季風(fēng)低壓、熱帶氣旋光顧，高溫多雨伴有強(qiáng)雷暴。專業(yè)用戶對(duì)雷電預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)服務(wù)有更大的需求，我們對(duì)其開(kāi)展專業(yè)服務(wù)，既是促進(jìn)和保持氣象事業(yè)自身發(fā)展和壯大的內(nèi)在需要，又是貫徹執(zhí)行雷電業(yè)務(wù)軌道建設(shè)的具體措施，更是增強(qiáng)了防雷減災(zāi)能力，體現(xiàn)了氣象在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中貢獻(xiàn)和作用，又是重要技術(shù)支撐和經(jīng)濟(jì)保障。雷電領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)新的研究方向就是結(jié)合地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）相比以前，現(xiàn)在的雷電相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)越來(lái)越豐富，而且我們不斷改進(jìn)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)的方式方法，但就目前的狀況，可以滿足較多數(shù)用戶的要求，而離專業(yè)用戶的要求還有一定的差距。對(duì)于空間范圍內(nèi)的數(shù)值計(jì)算，我們利用相關(guān)的空間數(shù)據(jù)，可以利用一種比較可視化的查詢、分析等方法來(lái)分析，而且還能同時(shí)對(duì)預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，作為雷電監(jiān)測(cè)、防雷檢測(cè)、防護(hù)、雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、雷災(zāi)鑒定評(píng)估等工作的有效補(bǔ)充，其相互之間也具有技術(shù)互補(bǔ)性、指導(dǎo)性及關(guān)聯(lián)性，例如，我們系統(tǒng)中建立的各種雷電數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，就可以為防雷減災(zāi)的各項(xiàng)工作提供了技術(shù)支持，也是我們對(duì)各種防雷減災(zāi)科學(xué)決策保障(例如：我們將收集到的，多年的閃電定位資料進(jìn)行分析，可以對(duì)該地區(qū)閃電頻數(shù)、強(qiáng)度、時(shí)空分布和性質(zhì)有一個(gè)全面的了解，由此可得出該地是否適合建設(shè)何種的工程項(xiàng)目（主要針對(duì)易燃易爆場(chǎng)所）做出科學(xué)判斷；如發(fā)生了雷擊，我們可以了解根據(jù)雷擊發(fā)生時(shí)間、該地閃電定位強(qiáng)度、極性、波形等資料，就可基本查明雷擊原因，找出該建筑物的問(wèn)題，重點(diǎn)整改，使其降低雷擊的概率。 地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS，Geographic Information System)主要是利用現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)圖形技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)，結(jié)合地理、地圖、測(cè)量、計(jì)算機(jī)等多學(xué)科而形成的一門新興學(xué)科。作為多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的綜合，它可以看作允許加工空間數(shù)據(jù)成為與地球上某些部分相關(guān)并用于決策信息的工具,用計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)地理空間信息進(jìn)行檢索、管理、分析、評(píng)價(jià)等處理結(jié)果，將所有與空間信息相關(guān)的信息相互結(jié)合，得出“動(dòng)態(tài)模擬、決策支持、預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析”等服務(wù)。 本系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)的建設(shè)正是在這種需求背景下產(chǎn)生的，將GIS與雷電預(yù)警相結(jié)合，利用新一代天氣雷達(dá)時(shí)空高分辨率的探測(cè)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合雷達(dá)的二次產(chǎn)品生成及分析應(yīng)用方法，對(duì)雷暴天氣對(duì)應(yīng)雷達(dá)產(chǎn)品敏感因子進(jìn)行研究，得到可供業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用的雷電預(yù)警決策方法；同時(shí)將多種雷達(dá)二次產(chǎn)品與閃電定位儀記錄閃電的放電回?fù)魠?shù)，在電子地圖上進(jìn)行顯示、定位、區(qū)域統(tǒng)計(jì)和疊加分析，直觀形象反映和分析當(dāng)前和過(guò)去閃電和回波的演變情況，確定閃電的時(shí)間、經(jīng)緯度、強(qiáng)度、陡度定位方式和誤差范圍以及雷暴(對(duì)此，我們可以參考國(guó)外相關(guān)資料)未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)等等，可以大大提高預(yù)報(bào)的準(zhǔn)確性。利用其空間查詢、分析及可視化等功能，則足以滿足專業(yè)用戶的業(yè)務(wù)要求。其同時(shí)根據(jù)國(guó)家防雷檢測(cè)規(guī)范要求，設(shè)計(jì)了適合本地區(qū)的防雷檢測(cè)業(yè)務(wù)模塊，，作為深圳市防雷監(jiān)測(cè)業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)窗口網(wǎng)上開(kāi)通業(yè)務(wù)，實(shí)時(shí)服務(wù)大眾社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:Shenzhen is located in the estuary of the Pearl River, which belongs to the coastal zone and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. Due to the influence of the monsoon, the East and south wind is prevalent in summer. There are monsoon low pressure, tropical cyclone patronage, high temperature and heavy thunderstorm. Professional users have greater demand for lightning early warning and forecast service. The internal need to enter and maintain the development and expansion of the meteorological cause is the concrete measure to carry out the railway construction of lightning business. It also strengthens the ability of lightning protection and disaster reduction, reflects the contribution and role of meteorology to the social and economic development, and is also an important technical support and economic protection. A new research direction in the field of lightning is the conclusion of the field of thunder and lightning. The geographic information system (GIS) is more and more rich in basic data related to lightning, and we continue to improve the method of monitoring and forecasting, but the current situation can meet the requirements of the majority of users, and there is a definite gap from the requirements of the professional users. For the numerical calculation in the space range, we Using the related spatial data, we can use a kind of comparative visual inquiry, analysis and other methods to analyze it, and can also verify the prediction results at the same time. It can be used as lightning monitoring, lightning detection, protection, lightning risk assessment and evaluation of lightning disaster assessment. Couplet, for example, the various lightning databases established in our system can provide technical support for lightning mitigation and disaster mitigation, as well as our scientific decision-making for various lightning protection and mitigation (for example, we will collect and analyze years of lightning location data for lightning frequency, intensity, spatio-temporal distribution and distribution in the area. There is a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the nature of the land, which can be used to make scientific judgment on which project is suitable for construction (mainly for flammable and explosive sites). If lightning strikes, we can understand the lightning location intensity, polarity, and wave shape according to the lightning strike time, and we can find out the cause of the lightning strike and find out the construction. The problem of buildings should be focused on rectification so as to reduce the probability of lightning strike.
GIS (Geographic Information System) is a new subject formed by the use of modern computer graphics technology, database technology, combined with geography, map, measurement, computer and other disciplines. As a multidisciplinary field, it can be considered to allow processing space data to be related to some parts of the earth. The tools used to make decision information, use computer to retrieve, manage, analyze and evaluate the geographical spatial information, and combine all the information related to the spatial information to get the services such as "dynamic simulation, decision support, prediction, statistical analysis" and so on.
The construction of this system platform is produced in the background of this demand, combining GIS with lightning early warning, using the new generation of weather radar time and space high-resolution detection related data, combined with the radar two product generation and analysis and application method, to study the sensitive factors of the radar products corresponding to the thunderstorm weather, which can be used for business application. The method of lightning early warning decision is made. At the same time, multiple radar two products and lightning locator are used to record lightning discharge return parameters, display, locate, regional statistics and superposition analysis on the electronic map, directly reflect and analyze the evolution of lightning and echo in the current and past, and determine the time, latitude, intensity, steepness of lightning. The positioning mode and error range and the thunderstorm (which we can refer to the future trend of foreign related data) can greatly improve the accuracy of the forecast. Using its spatial query, analysis and visualization, it is sufficient to meet the professional requirements of the professional users. The lightning protection business module in this area serves as a window for the development of Shenzhen lightning protection monitoring business, and opens services online to serve the mass society in real time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P427.32;P208

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