本文選題：土壤管理信息系統(tǒng) + 黃土高原溝壑區(qū)�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國土地廣袤，土壤類型豐富，但是土壤資源面臨著巨大的問題。如我國耕地面積少，區(qū)域分布不均；人口眾多，人均占有量低；隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速化發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的加劇，土壤質(zhì)量退化嚴(yán)重，并且隨著水土流失、土壤酸化鹽堿化、土壤沙化和土壤養(yǎng)分失調(diào)，，土壤退化現(xiàn)象呈不斷加速和擴(kuò)張的趨勢，如何科學(xué)有效的掌握土壤資源的信息及其動態(tài)是今后一段時間內(nèi)政府和農(nóng)業(yè)部門急需解決的問題。 地理信息系統(tǒng)作為基于地理科學(xué)和信息科學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科，是集合地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)、遙感科學(xué)(RS)和全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)、計(jì)算機(jī)制圖學(xué)、虛擬技術(shù)多媒體技術(shù)和數(shù)字通訊網(wǎng)路技術(shù)為一體的科學(xué)技術(shù)體系，其為土壤學(xué)的發(fā)展帶來了新的方向和手段。本研究通過收集、分析黃土高原溝壑區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)，建立了基于GIS黃土高原溝壑區(qū)土壤管理信息系統(tǒng)，取得了以下研究結(jié)果： 1）首先是依托于陜西省耕地地力評價項(xiàng)目，收集了具有代表性的旬邑縣大量土壤養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)、土壤類型數(shù)據(jù)、土層結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)、相關(guān)圖件和大量屬性數(shù)據(jù)。通過對數(shù)據(jù)分析討論后，進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一編碼，建立空間數(shù)據(jù)庫，實(shí)現(xiàn)了空間矢量數(shù)據(jù)、非矢量柵格數(shù)據(jù)和屬性數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一管理。 2）通過需求分析，在了解用戶需求后，通過利用ESRI公司提供的ArcGIS Engine二次開發(fā)組件在Microsoft公司提供的Microsoft Visual Studio2008開發(fā)環(huán)境下，利用C#語言搭建了黃土高原溝壑區(qū)土壤管理信息系統(tǒng)，在系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了GIS基礎(chǔ)功能、數(shù)據(jù)管理、專題評價和制圖報(bào)表四個模塊。 3）在系統(tǒng)中，針對黃土溝壑區(qū)本身的特點(diǎn)、土壤管理信息系統(tǒng)的要求和土壤信息系統(tǒng)使用者的需求，設(shè)計(jì)了耕地地力評價、作物適宜性評價和空間數(shù)據(jù)一體化管理模塊三個個功能模塊。為本地區(qū)及時掌握土壤數(shù)據(jù)信息，進(jìn)行土壤數(shù)據(jù)分析和數(shù)據(jù)挖掘，指導(dǎo)農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展決策提供了強(qiáng)有力的技術(shù)支持和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:China has vast land and rich soil types, but soil resources are facing enormous problems. For example, the area of cultivated land in China is small, the regional distribution is uneven; the population is large, the per capita possession is low; with the rapid development of economy and the aggravation of urbanization, the soil quality is degraded seriously, and with soil erosion, soil acidification and salinization, Soil desertification and soil nutrient imbalance, soil degradation is accelerating and expanding trend, how to scientifically and effectively grasp the information and dynamics of soil resources is an urgent problem to be solved by the government and the agricultural sector in the future. As an interdisciplinary subject based on geographic science and information science, GIS is a collection of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing science (RS) and global positioning system (GPS), computer cartography, Virtual technology multimedia technology and digital communication network technology as one of the science and technology system, it has brought a new direction and means for the development of soil science. Through collecting and analyzing the data of the gully region of the Loess Plateau, a soil management information system based on GIS is established in this study. The results are as follows: 1) firstly, based on the evaluation project of cultivated land fertility in Shaanxi Province, a large number of soil nutrient data, soil type data, soil structure data, related maps and a large number of attribute data were collected from Xunyi County. Through the analysis and discussion of the data, the unified coding is carried out, and the spatial database is established. The unified management of the spatial vector data, the non-vector raster data and the attribute data is realized. 2) through the requirement analysis, after understanding the user's demand, the soil management information system in the gully region of the Loess Plateau is built by using the C # language under the Microsoft Visual Studio2008 development environment provided by the Microsoft Company by using the ArcGIS Engine secondary development component provided by ESRI Company. In the system, the basic function of GIS, data management, thematic evaluation and cartographic report are implemented. 3) in the system, according to the characteristics of loess gully region, the requirements of soil management information system and the needs of users of soil information system, the evaluation of cultivated land fertility is designed. Crop suitability evaluation and spatial data integrated management module three functional modules. It provides a strong technical support and theoretical basis for the region to grasp soil data information, analyze and mine soil data, guide crop production and agricultural sustainable development decision-making.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：S159;P208;TP311.52

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