本文選題：星顫 + 在軌標(biāo)定　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國民用測(cè)繪衛(wèi)——ZY-3(資源三號(hào))的發(fā)射成功,我國的國產(chǎn)衛(wèi)星測(cè)繪事業(yè)又向前邁出了堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步,踏上了新的臺(tái)階。而對(duì)于衛(wèi)星在軌運(yùn)行后的諸多問題,也成為關(guān)系衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用潛力和衛(wèi)星設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)和性能認(rèn)證的核心,更是衛(wèi)星發(fā)射目的能否達(dá)標(biāo)的重要標(biāo)志。衛(wèi)星在軌成像與在軌標(biāo)定等問題是從衛(wèi)星幾何和輻射兩個(gè)方面對(duì)衛(wèi)星在軌運(yùn)行狀況和性能進(jìn)行衡量。星顫是CCD(Charge-Coupled Device,簡稱CCD)成像系統(tǒng)在軌成像質(zhì)量不高、衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)參數(shù)變化等問題的主導(dǎo)因素。基于攝影測(cè)量、遙感、空間動(dòng)力學(xué)、空間幾何學(xué)、衛(wèi)星設(shè)計(jì)工程等諸多領(lǐng)域的有機(jī)綜合,從這兩個(gè)方面研究了星顫對(duì)衛(wèi)星成像系統(tǒng)成像質(zhì)量和對(duì)地定位精度的影響。 星顫會(huì)導(dǎo)致成像系統(tǒng)成像時(shí),出現(xiàn)彌散斑發(fā)散、成像錯(cuò)位、像元畸變等情況,從而衛(wèi)星成像圖像質(zhì)量不高。同時(shí),還會(huì)出現(xiàn)焦距變化、像主點(diǎn)位置偏移、光學(xué)成像系統(tǒng)畸變等問題�？傊�,星顫導(dǎo)致上述問題出現(xiàn)多大的誤差,關(guān)系衛(wèi)星是否能達(dá)到預(yù)定成像指標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵。本文擬通過數(shù)字仿真、定量反演等手段,從星顫的定義、星顫的可檢測(cè)性、星顫圖像的模擬、星顫幾何標(biāo)定、衛(wèi)星顫振圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)、衛(wèi)星顫振圖像恢復(fù)等一系列問題,系統(tǒng)地研究了衛(wèi)星顫振對(duì)在軌成像質(zhì)量和定位精度的影響。 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容： 1、星顫的定義。星顫不同于衛(wèi)星振動(dòng),衛(wèi)星振動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致衛(wèi)星成像系統(tǒng)發(fā)生剛體變形等問題,利用儀器可以有效檢測(cè)。而星顫問題則更為復(fù)雜。目前,無論是位置還是姿態(tài)傳感器還都無法精確獲取,這也是本文采用定量反演的主要原因。 2、星顫的可檢測(cè)性。目前,雖然無法利用儀器實(shí)時(shí)獲取在軌顫振的幅度和頻率等衡量指標(biāo),但是可以利用高速小面陣CCD獲取在軌顫振成像圖像序列,通過提取每一幀圖像對(duì)比參考幀圖像,根據(jù)衛(wèi)星成像運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,計(jì)算成像系統(tǒng)位置和姿態(tài)的變化。 3、星顫標(biāo)定問題。本文推導(dǎo)了衛(wèi)星顫振對(duì)地定位幾何模型。通過建立衛(wèi)星成像系統(tǒng)內(nèi)方位模型,數(shù)值模擬了攝影方位元素變化對(duì)定位精度的影響�；赟POT5衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)模擬,對(duì)單像后方交會(huì)和自檢校光束法標(biāo)定進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。 4、衛(wèi)星在軌成像MTF (Modulation Transfer Function,簡稱MTF)的計(jì)算。MTF作為衡量成像系統(tǒng)成像質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),通常在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)可利用軟硬件進(jìn)行測(cè)量。但這些方法受到空間成像環(huán)境限制而無法使用。本文通過選取圖像上特殊地物,利用這些地物對(duì)比度明顯的特點(diǎn),反演計(jì)算成像系統(tǒng)成像質(zhì)量MTF值。 5、國家圖像解譯評(píng)定量化尺度(National Imagery. Interpretability Rating Scale,縮寫為NIIRS)圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系。圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)作為獲取衛(wèi)星成像圖像質(zhì)量好壞的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),也反應(yīng)了衛(wèi)星成像系統(tǒng)的成像性能。相比于主、客觀圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)方法,基于NIIRS的圖像質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)方法,可以定性和定量地分析整個(gè)成像鏈路的成像質(zhì)量。因此,通過模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了NIIRS體系對(duì)星顫圖像的有效評(píng)價(jià)。 6、星顫圖像的恢復(fù)。星顫會(huì)導(dǎo)致成像質(zhì)量下降,而基于MTF的MIF(Modified Inverse Filter,簡稱MIF)濾波方法可以有效恢復(fù)星顫圖像。同時(shí),還可以有效補(bǔ)償衛(wèi)星成像質(zhì)量MTF。通過模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),基于圖像分析建立二維MTF,利用MIF濾波恢復(fù)模型,對(duì)顫振圖像進(jìn)行恢復(fù),對(duì)比經(jīng)典Wiener濾波方法,表明基于MTF的MIF濾波的恢復(fù)方法要優(yōu)于Wiener濾波恢復(fù)方法。
[Abstract]:With the successful launch of China's civil surveying and mapping guard - ZY-3 (resource three), China's domestic satellite surveying and mapping business has taken a solid step forward and stepped on a new step, and many problems after the orbit of the satellite have become the core of the satellite application potential, the satellite design index and performance certification, and the satellite launch. It is an important sign that the object can reach the standard. The problems of satellite orbit imaging and orbit calibration are the measurement of the operating conditions and performance of the satellite from two aspects of satellite geometry and radiation. The star tremor is the leading factor of the CCD (Charge-Coupled Device, CCD) imaging system with low orbit imaging quality and the change of satellite system parameters. The influence of star tremor on imaging quality and location accuracy of satellite imaging system is studied from these two aspects in many fields, such as photogrammetry, remote sensing, spatial dynamics, space geometry, satellite design engineering and many other fields.
When the star tremor leads to the imaging system imaging, the dispersion of diffuse spots, the dislocation of the imaging, the aberration of the pixel and so on, the image quality of the satellite image is not high. At the same time, the focal length changes, such as the shift of the main point position, the aberration of the optical imaging system, and so on. In this paper, a series of problems such as the definition of the star tremor, the detectability of stellar fibrillation, the simulation of stellar tremor, the calibration of stellar tremor, the quality evaluation of the satellite flutter image and the recovery of the satellite flutter image are proposed by digital simulation and quantitative inversion, and the quality and positioning precision of the satellite flutter on orbit imaging are systematically studied. The influence of degree.
The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1, the definition of stellar tremor is that star tremor is different from satellite vibration. Satellite vibration will lead to rigid body deformation of satellite imaging system, which can be detected effectively by instrument. The problem of star tremor is more complex. At present, the position and attitude sensor can not be obtained accurately. This is the main reason for this paper to use quantitative inversion.
2, the detectability of stellar tremor. At present, although the instrument can not use the instrument to get the measure of the amplitude and frequency of the chatter in real time, we can use the high speed small surface array CCD to obtain the sequence of the on track flutter imaging image, and calculate the position and posture of the imaging system by extracting each frame image to compare the reference frame image and according to the satellite imaging motion model. Change.
3, satellite chatter calibration problem. This paper derives the geometric model of the satellite flutter to ground positioning. By establishing the azimuth model in the satellite imaging system, the influence of the variation of the azimuth element on the positioning accuracy is numerically simulated. Based on the SPOT5 satellite data simulation, the simulation experiments are carried out for the single image resection and the calibration of the self-examination light beam method.
4, the calculation of the satellite in orbit imaging MTF (Modulation Transfer Function, abbreviated as MTF) is an important index to measure the imaging quality of the imaging system, and usually can be measured by software and hardware in the laboratory. But these methods are restricted by the space imaging environment and can not be used. The imaging quality MTF value of the imaging system is calculated by inversion.
5, the image quality evaluation system of the National Imagery. Interpretability Rating Scale, the abbreviation as NIIRS). The image quality evaluation as the evaluation index for obtaining the image quality of the satellite imaging, also reacts the imaging ability of the satellite imaging system. The image quality evaluation method of NIIRS can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the imaging quality of the entire imaging link. Therefore, the effective evaluation of the NIIRS system for the image of the star tremor is verified by the simulation experiment.
6, the recovery of the image of the star tremor will lead to the degradation of the imaging quality, and the MTF based MIF (Modified Inverse Filter, abbreviated MIF) filtering method can effectively restore the image of the star tremor. At the same time, the satellite imaging quality MTF. can be effectively compensated by the simulation experiment, the two-dimensional MTF based on the image analysis, the recovery model of the MIF filter and the flutter map. Compared with the classical Wiener filtering method, it is shown that the MTF based MIF filtering method is better than the Wiener filter recovery method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P236

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