本文選題：青藏高原 + 湖岸堤��； 參考：《青海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文利用RS與GIS相結(jié)合的手段，對(duì)青藏高原上201個(gè)湖泊的現(xiàn)在湖面的面積與分布狀況進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)，并對(duì)高原高湖面的面積、高程進(jìn)行恢復(fù)、重建和統(tǒng)計(jì)，再分區(qū)對(duì)比分析高原現(xiàn)在湖面與高湖面分布及原因，驗(yàn)證前人研究成果，提出自己研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題，也希望對(duì)今后的相關(guān)研究提供一定幫助。 研究表明：青藏高原現(xiàn)在湖面最小的湖泊是多瑪錯(cuò)，最大的湖泊是青海湖。青海湖是高原上面積最大的咸水湖，也是青藏高原上面積最大的湖泊；阿牙克庫木湖是青藏高原上面積最大的鹽湖；塔若錯(cuò)是青藏高原上面積最大的淡水湖泊。高原上湖泊以咸水湖為主。除青海湖，色林錯(cuò)，扎日楠木錯(cuò)、扎陵湖、鄂陵湖等特大型湖泊外，淡水湖一般面積小于咸水湖，而單個(gè)鹽湖面積較大。青藏高原區(qū)域湖泊除少部分湖泊外，絕大多數(shù)的湖泊海拔都在4000~6000m之間，平均海拔為4616.51m。其中，森里錯(cuò)海拔5393m，是高原上海拔最高的湖泊；尕海（非近青海湖）海拔2682m，是高原上海拔最低的湖泊。湖泊數(shù)量與面積并非正比關(guān)系。 青藏高原高湖面時(shí)期湖泊面積遠(yuǎn)大于現(xiàn)在湖面面積，大湖期共有大于30km2的自然湖泊126個(gè)，總面積323948.27km2，約占整個(gè)青藏高原面積的10.7%，其中面積10000km2以上的大型湖泊共有兩個(gè)，高湖面平均海拔為4811.61m，高于現(xiàn)在湖面195.10m。由于高湖面時(shí)期降雨豐沛，，湖泊類型多為淡水湖泊。高原高湖面恢復(fù)后湖泊分布由零散分布變成具有一定走向形的分布。且不同區(qū)域湖泊的現(xiàn)在湖面分布與高湖面分布特點(diǎn)有所不同。高原上多數(shù)湖泊湖岸堤道數(shù)集中在5~15條，說明高原湖泊退縮具有一定的規(guī)律性和統(tǒng)一性。高湖面時(shí)期湖面海拔在南北趨勢(shì)上與現(xiàn)在相反。在30kaBP前后的末次間冰段青藏高原大湖期普遍存在，后因氣候變干，湖面萎縮，近40年來高原湖面因氣候變暖，湖泊補(bǔ)給增多都有所上漲，但是這只是氣候直線式變干中的小波動(dòng)，大的時(shí)間尺度內(nèi)，干化鹽化依然是湖泊發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the area and distribution of 201 lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are analyzed by means of RS and GIS, and the area and elevation of the high lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are restored, reconstructed and counted. The distribution and causes of the present and high lakes on the plateau are compared and analyzed, the results of previous studies are verified, and the problems found in their own research are put forward, which is also hoped to provide some help for the related research in the future. The results show that the smallest lake in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is Domacho and the largest lake is Qinghai Lake. Qinghai Lake is the largest saltwater lake on the plateau, it is also the largest lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the Ajakumu Lake is the largest salt lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and Taloc Lake is the largest freshwater lake on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The lakes on the plateau are mainly saline lakes. Except Qinghai Lake, Selinco, Zaginamu, Zaling Lake, Eling Lake and other super large lakes, the general area of fresh water lake is smaller than that of salt water lake, but the area of single salt lake is larger. Except a few lakes, most of the lakes in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are between 4000 and 6000 m above sea level, with an average elevation of 4616.51 m. Senlico is the highest lake on the plateau, and Gahai (not near Qinghai Lake) is the lowest lake on the plateau. The number of lakes is not proportional to the area. The lake area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the high lake period was much larger than that of the present lake area. In the Great Lakes period, there were 126 natural lakes with a total area of 323948.27km2, accounting for about 10.7% of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, of which there were two large lakes with an area over 10000km2. The average elevation of the high lake is 4811.61 m, which is higher than that of the present lake area (195.10 m). Due to the abundant rainfall during the period of high lake surface, the type of lake is mostly fresh water lake. The lake distribution changed from scattered distribution to a certain trend distribution after the recovery of plateau high lake surface. The distribution characteristics of the present and high lakes in different regions are different. The number of levees along the lake banks of most lakes on the plateau is concentrated at 515, which indicates that the retreat of plateau lakes has certain regularity and unity. During the high lake period, the elevation of the lake was opposite to that of the present. During the Great Lakes period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau before and after the last ice section before and after 30kaBP, the lake surface shrank due to the drying of the climate. In the last 40 years, the lake surface of the plateau has increased due to the climate warming, and the supply of lakes has increased. However, this is only a small fluctuation in the direct drying of climate. In large time scale, drying and salinization is still the main trend of lake development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P208;P343.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 魯安新;姚檀棟;王麗紅;劉時(shí)銀;郭治龍;;青藏高原典型冰川和湖泊變化遙感研究[J];冰川凍土;2005年06期

2 施雅風(fēng)，鄭本興，李世杰，葉佰生;青藏高原中東部最大冰期時(shí)代高度與氣候環(huán)境探討[J];冰川凍土;1995年02期

3 陳兆恩,林秋雁;青藏高原湖泊漲縮的新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)意義[J];地震;1993年01期

4 李炳元;青藏高原大湖期[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2000年02期

5 邊多;楊志剛;李林;除多;卓嘎;邊巴次仁;扎西央宗;董妍;;近30年來西藏那曲地區(qū)湖泊變化對(duì)氣候波動(dòng)的響應(yīng)[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2006年05期

6 邊多;邊巴次仁;拉巴;王彩云;陳濤;;1975-2008年西藏色林錯(cuò)湖面變化對(duì)氣候變化的響應(yīng)[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

7 施雅風(fēng),李吉均,李炳元,姚檀棟,王蘇民,李世杰,崔之久,王富保,潘保田,方小敏,張青松;晚新生代青藏高原的隆升與東亞環(huán)境變化[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);1999年01期

8 閆立娟;齊文;;青藏高原湖泊遙感信息提取及湖面動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢(shì)研究[J];地球?qū)W報(bào);2012年01期

9 謝冰晶;程捷;田明中;;淺析青藏高原隆升對(duì)第四紀(jì)的氣候及生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響——以岡底斯中段為例[J];地質(zhì)與勘探;2011年01期

10 鄭綿平;袁鶴然;趙希濤;劉喜方;;青藏高原第四紀(jì)泛湖期與古氣候[J];地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);2006年02期

本文編號(hào)：1844256