本文選題：山區(qū) + 土地利用��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人口的日趨增多,人地矛盾關(guān)系變得越來(lái)越緊張,人類的活動(dòng)使土地利用狀況和地表景觀時(shí)時(shí)刻刻發(fā)生著重大的變化。目前,景觀格局變化研究成為景觀生態(tài)學(xué)研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)方向,應(yīng)用景觀指數(shù)來(lái)定量分析景觀格局成為一種有效的研究手段。同時(shí),對(duì)景觀格局進(jìn)行研究時(shí)要受到尺度效應(yīng)的影響,準(zhǔn)確掌握尺度效應(yīng)帶來(lái)的規(guī)律有利于正確認(rèn)識(shí)景觀格局的變化。 本文選取云南省具有山地代表性的尋甸縣為研究區(qū),在遙感軟件ERDAS與地理信息系統(tǒng)軟件ArcGIS以及景觀分析軟件Fragstats支持下,運(yùn)用空間分析技術(shù)和景觀格局分析方法,對(duì)滇中山區(qū)土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化及景觀格局進(jìn)行定量的研究與深入地分析,選取了18種景觀指數(shù),從景觀水平出發(fā),探討了景觀指數(shù)對(duì)粒度變化的響應(yīng)規(guī)律。 文章前期運(yùn)用遙感技術(shù)對(duì)獲取的三期TM影像進(jìn)行了解譯,得到了土地利用現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),尋甸縣三個(gè)時(shí)期土地利用以林地和耕地為主,兩種土地類型面積之和占到了全縣總面積的90%以上,水域面積和其他用地面積為最少。在兩個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi),通過(guò)土地轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣可以看出各種土地利用類型基本都有轉(zhuǎn)入和轉(zhuǎn)出。1992-2001年期間,面積變化較大的為耕地和林地,耕地減少了315.78km2,林地增加245.76km2,2001-2006年期間,各類土地利用變化相對(duì)上個(gè)時(shí)期變化較小。 將景觀格局圖與提取的地形信息相疊加分析。在高程范圍內(nèi),耕地和林地占據(jù)各高程面積的80%以上,坡度分布上,各類景觀類型主要分布在坡度為0-25°范圍內(nèi),均占到各自總面積的80%以上,相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)景觀在坡向上分布比較平均。地形分布指數(shù)顯示,建設(shè)用地和水域?qū)Ω叱痰匦尉哂休^強(qiáng)的選擇性,水域、耕地和建設(shè)用地趨向于分布在較為平緩的地帶,林地在坡度較大的地方顯示出較強(qiáng)的分布優(yōu)勢(shì)；建設(shè)用地和耕地對(duì)坡向選擇性較強(qiáng),而林地和水域?qū)ζ孪蜻x擇則不是很強(qiáng)。 采用景觀指數(shù)法,從斑塊類型水平和景觀水平對(duì)研究區(qū)景觀格局進(jìn)行了分析,定量地說(shuō)明了景觀格局的變化情況。最后,探討了空間粒度變化對(duì)景觀指數(shù)產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng),研究中選取的18種景觀指數(shù)的粒度效應(yīng)分為四類：斑塊數(shù)、斑塊密度、邊界總長(zhǎng)、邊界密度、景觀形狀指數(shù)、聚集度和蔓延度隨著粒度的增大,指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出有規(guī)律的減小的趨勢(shì),具有明確的尺度效應(yīng)：平均形狀指數(shù)、平均分維數(shù)指數(shù)和最大斑塊指數(shù)隨著粒度的增大,指數(shù)先是呈現(xiàn)有規(guī)律減小的趨勢(shì),之后出現(xiàn)較為明顯的粒度轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)；平均斑塊面積、分離度、分散指數(shù)和分割度隨著粒度的增大,指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢(shì),有明顯或者沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)：總面積、香濃多樣性指數(shù)、香濃均勻度指數(shù)和豐富度隨著粒度的增大,指數(shù)呈變化趨勢(shì)不明顯,變化規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出不可預(yù)測(cè)性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the increasing of population, the contradiction between man and land becomes more and more tense. At present, the research of landscape pattern change has become a hot research direction of landscape ecology, and quantitative analysis of landscape pattern by landscape index has become an effective research method. At the same time, the study of landscape pattern should be affected by the scale effect, and it is beneficial to understand the change of landscape pattern by accurately mastering the law brought by scale effect. This paper selects Xundian County, which is the representative mountain area of Yunnan Province, as the research area, with the support of remote sensing software ERDAS, GIS software ArcGIS and landscape analysis software Fragstats, using spatial analysis technology and landscape pattern analysis method. The dynamic changes of land use and landscape pattern in mountain areas of central Yunnan were studied and analyzed quantitatively. Eighteen landscape indices were selected, and the response of landscape indices to granularity change was discussed from landscape level. In the early stage of this paper, the remote sensing technology was used to interpret the three periods TM images, and the present land use data were obtained. It is found that the land use in Xundian County is dominated by woodland and cultivated land. The total area of the two types of land accounts for more than 90% of the total area of the county, and the area of water area and other land use is the least. In the two time periods, it can be seen from the land transfer matrix that all kinds of land use types were basically transferred and transferred from 1992 to 2001. During the period of 1992-2001, the area of cultivated land and forest land decreased by 315.78 km2, and the forest land increased by 245.76 km2 during 2001-2006, the area of cultivated land decreased by 315.78 km2, and the forest land increased by 245.76 km2 during the period of 2001-2006. All kinds of land use changes are relatively small in the last period. The landscape pattern map is superposed with the extracted topographic information. In the range of elevation, cultivated land and forest land occupy more than 80% of each elevation area. In the slope distribution, all kinds of landscape types are mainly distributed in the range of 0-25 擄, accounting for more than 80% of their total area. The landscape is relatively evenly distributed up the slope. Topographic distribution index shows that construction land and water area have strong selectivity to elevation terrain. Water area, cultivated land and construction land tend to be distributed in a relatively gentle area, and woodland shows a strong distribution advantage in places with higher slope. Construction land and cultivated land are more selective to slope than woodland and water to slope. Based on the landscape index method, the landscape pattern in the study area was analyzed from patch type level and landscape level, and the change of landscape pattern was explained quantitatively. Finally, the effects of spatial granularity change on landscape index are discussed. The granularity effects of 18 landscape indices selected in the study are divided into four categories: patch number, patch density, total boundary length, boundary density, landscape shape index. With the increase of particle size, the index of aggregation and spread showed a regular decreasing trend, and had a definite scale effect: average shape index, mean fractal dimension index and maximum patch index increased with the increase of particle size. The average patch area, separation degree, dispersion index and partition degree increased with the increase of particle size. There were obvious or no turning points: total area, aroma diversity index, aroma evenness index and richness with the increase of particle size, the change trend of the index was not obvious, and the law of change showed unpredictability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P237;P901

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