本文選題：RS和GIS技術(shù) + 雅礱江流域��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境問題是影響人類生存和發(fā)展的基本問題，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路，，已成為人類對生存發(fā)展環(huán)境的共識。流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、人類、生存環(huán)境等密切相關(guān)。近年來，隨著流域生態(tài)問題的日益突出，如何評價(jià)流域生態(tài)狀況成為水利科學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。對雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評價(jià)，分析其變化規(guī)律，能夠更好的保護(hù)和治理流域生態(tài)環(huán)境。 自從上個世紀(jì)末國家實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展重心開始向西部傾斜，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)建設(shè)并重的要求下，雅礱江流域地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響越來越引起社會各階層的廣泛關(guān)注。成昆鐵路的建成、礦產(chǎn)資源的開發(fā)、人類活動對環(huán)境越來越多的干預(yù)，雖然為區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和能源運(yùn)輸提供了條件，同時(shí)也引發(fā)了有關(guān)資源開發(fā)與生態(tài)保護(hù)之間的矛盾。 本論文以大尺度的整個雅礱江流域?yàn)檠芯繉ο�，依�?jù)研究區(qū)存在的主要生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，以遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)等技術(shù)手段，以雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境評價(jià)專題數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合生態(tài)學(xué)、環(huán)境學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)等原理，多角度，多技術(shù)進(jìn)行雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀及變遷研究、綜合評價(jià)和成果輸出，并分析研究區(qū)內(nèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境總體變化和空間分異特征。雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合評價(jià)為區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)和理論支持，同時(shí)也為復(fù)雜地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)研究進(jìn)行了新的探索與嘗試。 研究內(nèi)容主要如下： 1、以2009年多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)、專題數(shù)據(jù)和全國1:25萬地形圖數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，提取數(shù)字高程模型、歸一化植被指數(shù)、歸一化差異水體指數(shù)、歸一化建筑指數(shù)、土地利用、土壤濕度指數(shù)等生態(tài)環(huán)境因子數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合多次野外生態(tài)調(diào)查，對雅礱江流域地區(qū)21世紀(jì)初的生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行監(jiān)測與變遷分析。 2、依據(jù)雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境限制因子和主要存在的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，選取典型的生態(tài)環(huán)境因子，建立較為完善的生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀和變遷評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀綜合評價(jià)包括地形地質(zhì)條件、自然資源、生態(tài)水資源、土地類型、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)條件5個層面16個指標(biāo)。 3、分析現(xiàn)有主要生態(tài)環(huán)境評價(jià)模型優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，基于30m×30m網(wǎng)格和改進(jìn)的縣域的兩種單元，采用主觀權(quán)重與客觀權(quán)重相結(jié)合的層次分析評價(jià)方法對雅礱江流域全區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀和變遷評價(jià)，結(jié)果表明：近30年來雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境區(qū)域差異明顯，南部、東南部氣候條件較好的地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境良好，但在上游高海拔廣大地區(qū)也存在部分潛伏區(qū)，稍有不甚，就可能造成生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。 4、以多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)提取的雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境本底數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合氣候、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，通過多源數(shù)據(jù)的格式轉(zhuǎn)換和坐標(biāo)統(tǒng)一建立雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境評價(jià)專題數(shù)據(jù)庫，為生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷與評價(jià)的進(jìn)一步深入研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 5、綜合生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合評價(jià)結(jié)果與生態(tài)環(huán)境各因子空間變遷規(guī)律，分析了近30年來雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷的驅(qū)動力，自然因素特別是氣候變遷是雅礱江流域大尺度生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷的驅(qū)動力因素，雅礱江流域地質(zhì)、地貌背景下的生態(tài)環(huán)境原生地域差異是宏觀氣候條件變化影響下，不同地域生態(tài)環(huán)境變遷的根本原因，而人類活動加劇了生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。 6、最后對雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)討論可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略，并總結(jié)本次研究的學(xué)習(xí)感悟。 研究結(jié)果表明，通過RS與GIS技術(shù)，選取不同方法對流域信息進(jìn)行提取，從多尺度進(jìn)行生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價(jià)和時(shí)序分析是可行的，對雅礱江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)和治理具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the basic problem that affects human survival and development. Protecting the ecological environment and taking the road of sustainable development have become the common understanding of the environment of survival and development. The health of the watershed ecosystem is closely related to the social economy, the human and the living environment. In recent years, with the increasingly prominent ecological problems in the basin, how to evaluate the flow of the river basin The ecological environment of the region has become one of the hotspots in the research of water science, environmental science and ecology. The evaluation of the ecological environment quality of the Yalong River Basin and the analysis of its changing rules can better protect and control the ecological environment of the river basin.
Since the end of last century, since the country carried out the strategy of western development, the center of economic development has begun to tilt to the West. Under the requirements of economic development and ecological construction, the economic construction of the Yalong River Basin has attracted more and more attention from all social strata. The completion of Chengkun railway and the development of mineral resources More and more human activities interfere with the environment, although it provides conditions for regional economic development and energy transport, and it also leads to the contradiction between resource development and ecological protection.
Based on the main ecological environment problems existing in the study area, this paper takes the main ecological environment problems in the study area, based on the remote sensing and geographic information system, based on the establishment of the ecological environment evaluation database of the Yalong River Basin, combining the principles of ecology, environment and statistics, multi angle and multi technology. Study on the ecological environment and changes of the ecological environment of the long river basin, comprehensive evaluation and output, and analyze the overall and spatial characteristics of the ecological environment in the study area. The comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment in the Yalong River basin provides scientific basis and theoretical support for regional sustainable development and environmental protection, as well as the ecological environment system in the complex area. New research and attempt have been carried out.
The main contents of the research are as follows:
1, based on the 2009 multi-source remote sensing data, thematic data and the national 1:25 topographic map data, the digital elevation model, the normalized difference vegetation index, the normalized difference water index, the normalized construction index, the land use, the soil moisture index and other ecological factors data, combined with multiple field ecological investigations, and 21 of the Yalong River Basin area. The current situation of ecological environment in the early 21st century was monitored and analyzed.
2, according to the ecological environment restriction factors and the main existing ecological environment problems in the Yalong River Basin, the typical ecological environment factors are selected to establish a more perfect ecological environment status and evaluation index system. The comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment includes topographic and geological conditions, natural resources, ecological water resources, land types, social economic strips. There are 16 indicators in 5 levels.
3, on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing main ecological environment evaluation models, based on the 30m x 30m grid and the improved two units of the county, the assessment method of the ecological environment of the Yalong River Basin is carried out by the hierarchical analysis and evaluation method combined with the subjective weight and the objective weight. The results show that the Yalong River has been born in the last 30 years. There are obvious regional differences in the state environment. There are good ecological environment in the South and southeastern regions with better climate conditions, but there are also some latent areas in the upper reaches of the high altitude area, which may cause the ecological environment to deteriorate slightly.
4, based on the background data of the Yalong River Basin, based on the data extracted from the Yalong River Basin and combining the climate, social and economic data, the ecological environment evaluation database of the Yalong River Basin is established through the format conversion of multi source data and the unified coordinate, which lays a foundation for the further in-depth study of the ecological environment change and evaluation.
5, comprehensive ecological environment comprehensive evaluation result and the spatial change law of various factors of ecological environment, analysis the driving force of ecological environment change of Yalong River Basin in the last 30 years, natural factors especially climate change is the driving force factor of the large scale ecological environment changes in Yalong River Basin, the Yalong River Basin geology, the ecological environment original under the geomorphic background Geographical difference is the fundamental reason for the change of ecological environment in different regions under the influence of macro climatic conditions, and human activities exacerbate the deterioration of the ecological environment.
6, finally, discuss the sustainable development strategy in the ecological environment protection of Yalong River Basin, and sum up the learning insights of this study.
The results show that it is feasible to select different methods to extract the information of the river basin through RS and GIS technology, and it is feasible to evaluate the ecological environment quality and time sequence analysis from multiscale. It has important guiding significance for the protection and control of the ecological environment in the Yalong River Basin.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;P237;X826

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