發(fā)布時間：2018-05-04 01:35

  本文選題：TerraSAR-X + 三維重建��； 參考：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是20世紀50年代末研制成功的一種主動式微波傳感器。由于外界環(huán)境對SAR觀測沒有影響,因此,它可以在任何環(huán)境、任何時間進行對地觀測,又由于SAR技術(shù)可以穿透植物和某些地面,所以,合成孔徑雷達技術(shù)在測繪、資源勘探、地質(zhì)以及環(huán)境監(jiān)測等許多的領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在當前世界各國城鎮(zhèn)化速度進展加快、城市快速發(fā)展和不斷擴張的形勢下,高分辨率的SAR對地觀測可以為城區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和城區(qū)實時變化的信息的提取供強有力的數(shù)據(jù)支撐。從城區(qū)環(huán)境中提取出建筑物在軍事監(jiān)視、追蹤、任務(wù)規(guī)劃、訓練和損失估計方面具有重要的意義;在地圖繪制、土地使用調(diào)查和城市規(guī)劃等方面也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。特別地,隨著近年來城市的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,自然資源配置、環(huán)境保護等問題越來越受到關(guān)注,這使得對城市地理環(huán)境變化信息的需求急劇增加,其中一個重要的需求就是對建筑物的三維重建。但是,早以前的SAR影像的分辨率較低,使得利用SAR影像進行城市建筑物的三維重建的研究受到了限制。2007年德國TerraSAR-X高分辨率雷達衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射成功標志著星載SAR進入了一個全新時代,它具有重訪周期短、空間分辨率高、波長短、多極化、多模式、高精度監(jiān)測地表微小形變等優(yōu)勢。所以研究利用高分辨率的TerraSAR-X影像進行城市建筑物的三維重建具有很強的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。本文主要研究了利用TerraSAR-X高分辨率影像對西安城區(qū)建筑物進行三維重建,并對生成的城市DEM的精度進行了評定。其主要內(nèi)容包括:1、利用三幅2009年12月3日、2009年12月14日以及2009年12月25日獲取的TerraSAR-X影像進行了西安市區(qū)建筑物三維重建的實驗,利用兩兩干涉的方法,通過影像的配準、去平地效應(yīng)、濾波、相位解纏、基線精化等一系列數(shù)據(jù)處理流程,獲取了西安城區(qū)四個研究區(qū)域的DEM,每一個研究區(qū)域生成三幅DEM。論文對GAMMA軟件處理TerraSAR-X影像時的一些參數(shù)的選擇也做了簡單的說明,最后對實驗結(jié)果進行了分析。2、城區(qū)的建設(shè)使得地表發(fā)生了較大的形變,形變相位會造成生成的DEM產(chǎn)生誤差;在城市建筑物密集、相鄰建筑物邊界高度跳躍性較大的區(qū)域也會使解纏結(jié)果出現(xiàn)誤差,導致生成的DEM產(chǎn)生誤差。實驗采用中值濾波的方法對獲得的DEM進行了濾波,取得了較好的濾波效果。3、為了減弱偶然誤差的影響,將每個研究區(qū)域的三幅DEM進行了均值處理。4、將每個研究區(qū)域的路面看做一個零基準面,然后在每個研究區(qū)域的路面上選擇30個隨機點,求出這些隨機點高程值的誤差值,利用誤差的均值和標準差這兩個指標對生成的DEM做了精度評定。相對于平面,四個研究區(qū)域DEM精度最高是東郊,可以達到6米左右,最低的是城墻內(nèi),精度是10米左右。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) is an active microwave sensor developed in the late 1950s. Because the outside environment has no effect on SAR observation, so it can do earth observation in any environment, at any time, and because SAR technology can penetrate plants and some ground, so synthetic aperture radar technology is mapping, resource exploration, Geology and environmental monitoring are widely used in many fields. With the rapid development of urbanization and the rapid development and expansion of cities in the world, the high-resolution SAR Earth observation can provide strong data support for the analysis of urban structure and the extraction of urban real-time change information. The extraction of buildings from urban environment is of great significance in military surveillance, tracking, task planning, training and loss estimation, and is also widely used in mapping, land use survey and urban planning. In particular, with the economic development of cities, the allocation of natural resources, environmental protection and other issues have been paid more and more attention in recent years, which makes the demand for information on changes of urban geographical environment increase rapidly. One of the important requirements is the three-dimensional reconstruction of buildings. But the resolution of earlier SAR images was low, The success of German TerraSAR-X high-resolution radar satellite launch in 2007 marks a new era for spaceborne SAR, which has a short re-visit period and high spatial resolution. The advantages of short wavelength, multi-polarization, multi-mode, high-precision monitoring of surface micro deformation, etc. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the 3D reconstruction of urban buildings using high resolution TerraSAR-X images. In this paper, the 3D reconstruction of Xi'an urban buildings with TerraSAR-X high resolution image is studied, and the accuracy of the generated city DEM is evaluated. The main contents include: 1, using three TerraSAR-X images obtained on December 3, 2009, December 14, 2009 and December 25, 2009, to carry out the experiment of 3D reconstruction of urban buildings in Xi'an, using the method of pairwise interference and registration of images. A series of data processing processes, such as levelling effect, filtering, phase unwrapping and baseline refinement, are used to obtain DEM of four study areas in Xi'an urban area, each of which generates three DEMs. In this paper, the selection of some parameters in processing TerraSAR-X image by GAMMA software is also explained simply. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed. 2. The construction of urban area makes the earth surface deformed, and the deformation phase will cause the generated DEM error. In the area where the buildings are dense and the height of adjacent buildings is high jump, the result of unwrapping will also appear error, which leads to the error of the generated DEM. In order to reduce the influence of accidental error, the method of median filter is used to filter the DEM in the experiment, and a better filtering effect is obtained. The average value of three DEM in each research area is treated by means. 4, the pavement of each research area is treated as a zero datum, then 30 random points are selected on the road surface of each research area, and the errors of the height values of these random points are obtained. The accuracy of the generated DEM is evaluated by the mean error and standard deviation. Compared with the plane, the DEM accuracy of the four study areas is the highest in the eastern suburb, which can reach about 6 meters, and the lowest is within the city wall, and the precision is about 10 meters.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P237

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本文編號：1841031