本文選題：景觀生態(tài) + 尺度效應(yīng)��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：地理信息科學(xué)中,我們在進(jìn)行一般地理對象的分析和具體決策實(shí)施時,需要各種空間數(shù)據(jù)作為支撐條件進(jìn)行綜合輔助,要從動態(tài)的聯(lián)結(jié)機(jī)制中把握各尺度空間信息數(shù)據(jù),由此,可以認(rèn)為尺度問題在地理新信息科學(xué)的研究中地位重要。在遙感數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用于景觀生態(tài)格局分析方面,很多方面的認(rèn)知都有不足之處,哪些遙感影像對于哪些類型及地區(qū)的景觀生態(tài)格局的研究最為合適,哪種尺度最佳,就目前而言,這些問題研究相對較少,需要我們進(jìn)行更深的探討。本文通過利用landsat8.HJ-1A,MODIS等不同空間分辨率遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析、預(yù)處理,并對其進(jìn)行景觀生態(tài)格局提取,研究不同分辨率下景觀生態(tài)格局變化規(guī)律,試圖找出隨著分辨率變化下的敏感性因子。本研究選取了陜北黃土高原上的五大實(shí)驗(yàn)樣區(qū)進(jìn)行研究,分別是彬縣長武樣區(qū)、延川延長樣區(qū)、米脂綏德樣區(qū)、洛川黃龍樣區(qū)、定邊靖邊樣區(qū),對于每個樣區(qū)來說,分別分析了他們不同空間尺度下的景觀格局變化情況,得到了如下幾點(diǎn)結(jié)論：(1)景觀聚集度的高低與景觀破碎度沒有直接相關(guān)性,二者沒有明顯的此消彼長的聯(lián)系。因?yàn)?在空間分辨率增加同時,斑塊密度、邊界密度、最大斑塊指數(shù)都出現(xiàn)了明顯的下滑態(tài)勢,而相應(yīng)的景觀聚集度在空間分辨率發(fā)生變化的情況下,也出現(xiàn)了下降。(2)在不同空間分辨率所對應(yīng)的景觀生態(tài)格局發(fā)面,由不同分辨率遙感影像所產(chǎn)生的景觀生態(tài)格局具有顯著差異,分析結(jié)果中也可以清晰地看到種現(xiàn)象。景觀生態(tài)類型中,受空間分辨率影像相對較大的要屬線景觀要素,他們都是廊道的典型代表類型,這其中道路和河流等最為明顯。本文算選的研究區(qū)大多是自然生態(tài)景觀,線性景觀在總體景觀中所占比重不大,所以,空間分辨率在這方面尺度效應(yīng)的影像不是很大。(3)景觀格局各指數(shù)的尺度效應(yīng)很明顯,尺度效應(yīng)的差異會隨著空間分辨率的變化而發(fā)生變化,但是,有個特例情況,Shannon多樣性指數(shù),它不存在明顯的尺度效應(yīng),只與研究區(qū)景觀分類體系存在相關(guān)性。對于MODIS數(shù)據(jù)來講選擇250-500m的尺度可以盡可能的降低避免道路尺度效應(yīng)對分析結(jié)果影響。與MODIS數(shù)據(jù)相比,Landsat8數(shù)據(jù)因?yàn)榉直媛瘦^高,所以線狀景觀較為明顯,所占比重大。尺度效應(yīng)明顯,所以尺度最好選擇在60m-80m左右。
[Abstract]:In geographic information science, we need a variety of spatial data as a support condition to comprehensively assist in the analysis of general geographical objects and the implementation of specific decisions. We should grasp the spatial information data of various scales from the dynamic connection mechanism, and thus, It can be considered that the scale problem plays an important role in the study of new geographic information science. In the application of remote sensing data to landscape ecological pattern analysis, many aspects of cognition have shortcomings, which remote sensing image is the most suitable for which types and areas of landscape ecological pattern research, which scale is the best, for the present, The research of these problems is relatively few, need us to carry on the deeper discussion. In this paper, using Landsat 8.HJ-1AMODIS and other spatial resolution remote sensing image data to analyze, preprocess and extract the landscape ecological pattern, and study the change law of landscape ecological pattern under different resolution. Try to find out the sensitivity factor with the change of resolution. This study selected five experimental sample areas on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi, namely Changwu sample, Yanchuan Yanchang, Mizhi Suide, Luochuan Huanglong, Dingbian Jingbian, respectively, for each sample area. The changes of landscape pattern at different spatial scales were analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained: there was no direct correlation between the degree of landscape aggregation and the degree of landscape fragmentation, and there was no obvious relationship between them. As the spatial resolution increases, the patch density, boundary density and maximum patch index all show a significant downward trend, and the corresponding landscape aggregation degree changes in the spatial resolution. The landscape ecological pattern corresponding to different spatial resolution also appeared. The landscape ecological pattern produced by remote sensing image with different resolution had significant difference, and the species phenomenon could be seen clearly in the analysis results. Among the landscape ecological types, the relatively large spatial resolution images belong to the line landscape elements, which are typical representative types of corridors, such as roads and rivers are the most obvious. Most of the study areas selected in this paper are natural ecological landscape, and linear landscape occupies a small proportion in the overall landscape. Therefore, the scale effect of spatial resolution in the scale effect image is not very large. 3) the scale effect of each index of landscape pattern is very obvious. The difference of scale effect will change with the change of spatial resolution. However, there is a special case, Shannon diversity index, which has no obvious scale effect and is only related to the landscape classification system in the study area. For the MODIS data, choosing 250-500m scale can reduce the influence of road scale effect on the analysis results as much as possible. Compared with MODIS data, Landsat8 data has a higher resolution, so the linear landscape is more obvious and occupies a large proportion. The scale effect is obvious, so it is best to choose the scale around 60m-80m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901;P237

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