本文選題：土地利用 + 空間自相關(guān)　； 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)》2017年01期

【摘要】：為揭示土地利用空間自相關(guān)格局與自然社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的耦合關(guān)系,以黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)的小理河流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),基于全局Moran’s I、Moran散點(diǎn)圖和Anselin local Moran’s I分析了500 m×500 m格網(wǎng)尺度上流域土地利用全局和局部空間自相關(guān)格局,利用GIS技術(shù)研究各類用地在p0.05顯著性水平下局部聚集區(qū)與高程、坡度、坡向、與水域距離、與道路距離、與居民點(diǎn)距離的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,各土地利用類型都表現(xiàn)出全局空間正自相關(guān)特性,但空間正自相關(guān)性隨著距離的增加而逐漸減弱,且在32 km以內(nèi)不同土地利用類型自相關(guān)程度的空間衰減強(qiáng)度不同。耕地、草地的空間分布呈顯著的HH(高值-高值)、LL(低值-低值)聚集趨勢(shì),而園地、林地、建設(shè)用地和未利用地呈顯著的HH聚集趨勢(shì)。草地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在流域中、上游的丘陵或山地區(qū),林地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在流域下游溝壑區(qū)和上游山地區(qū),其他地類HH聚集區(qū)集中分布在流域下游寬闊黃土梁或開闊河谷區(qū)。隨高程和坡度增加,各地類HH、LL聚集區(qū)面積總體呈先增加后減小的趨勢(shì)。在1 000~1 300 m高程區(qū)、15°~25°的坡度區(qū)以及正陽向和正陰向區(qū)域,是各地類HH聚集分布最多樣、面積最集中的區(qū)域。建設(shè)用地和林地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在1 000~1 100 m高程區(qū),耕地、園地和未利用地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在1 100~1 200 m高程區(qū),草地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在1 200~1 300 m高程區(qū)。各地類HH聚集區(qū)按平均坡度由小到大依次為:建設(shè)用地、耕地、園地、林地、未利用地、草地。建設(shè)用地、園地和耕地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在正陽向和半陽向區(qū)域(正陽向面積最多),林地和草地HH聚集區(qū)主要分布在正陰向和正陽向區(qū)域(正陰向面積最多)。距水域和道路越遠(yuǎn),除未利用地外,各地類HH聚集區(qū)面積呈不斷減小的趨勢(shì);距居民點(diǎn)越遠(yuǎn),草地HH聚集區(qū)面積呈先增加后減小趨勢(shì),而其他地類HH聚集區(qū)面積呈不斷減小的趨勢(shì)。各地類HH、LL聚集區(qū)集中分布在距水域、道路1.5 km范圍內(nèi)和距居民點(diǎn)3 km范圍內(nèi)。距水域、道路和居民點(diǎn)越近,建設(shè)用地、園地和耕地的HH聚集區(qū)面積迅速增加。相比HH聚集區(qū),耕地LL聚集區(qū)主要分布在1 200 m以上高程區(qū),平均坡度增大,正陽向面積略大于其他坡向面積,與水域和居民點(diǎn)的距離較遠(yuǎn)且面積呈先增后減的趨勢(shì);草地LL聚集區(qū)主要分布在1 000~1 200 m高程區(qū)、15°~35°坡度區(qū),各坡向上分布面積相差不大,與水域、道路和居民點(diǎn)的距離較近且面積呈不斷減小趨勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the coupling relationship between the spatial autocorrelation pattern of land use and natural, social and economic factors, the Xiaoli River Basin in the Loess Hilly and Gully region was taken as the study area.Based on the global Moran's Moran's Moran scattered plot and Anselin local Moran's I, this paper analyzes the global and local spatial autocorrelation patterns of land use in the basin on the scale of 500m 脳 500m grid, and uses GIS technology to study the local concentration areas and elevations of all kinds of land use at the level of p0.05 significance.The relationship between slope, direction, distance from water, distance from road, distance from settlement.The results show that all land use types exhibit positive spatial autocorrelation, but the spatial positive autocorrelation decreases gradually with the increase of distance, and the spatial attenuation intensity of different land use types is different within 32 km.The spatial distribution of cultivated land and grassland showed a significant HH (high value-high value) LLL (low value-low value) aggregation trend, while garden land, forest land, construction land and unused land showed a significant HH aggregation trend.The HH accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in the watershed, the hilly or mountain area in the upper reaches, and the HH accumulation area in the forest land is mainly distributed in the gully region and the upstream mountain area.Other HH accumulation areas are mainly distributed in the broad loess beams or open valley areas of the lower reaches of the basin.With the increase of elevation and slope, the area of HHLL-like accumulation area increased first and then decreased.The slope area of 15 擄~ 25 擄and the positive positive and positive negative areas in the 1 000 ~ 1 300 m elevation area are the most diverse and concentrated areas of HH.The HH accumulation area of construction land and forest land is mainly distributed in 1 000 ~ 1 100 m elevation area, the HH accumulation area of cultivated land, garden land and unused land is mainly distributed in 1 100 ~ 1 200 m elevation area, and the HH accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in 1 200 ~ 1 300 m elevation area.According to the average slope of HH accumulation areas, the order is: construction land, cultivated land, garden land, woodland, unused land, grassland.For construction land, garden land and cultivated land HH accumulation area are mainly distributed in positive positive and semi-positive direction (positive positive area is the most, forest land and grassland HH accumulation area is mainly in positive negative and positive positive area (positive negative area is the most).The farther away from water area and road, except unused land, the area of HH-like accumulation area is decreasing, and the farther away from residential area, the area of HH accumulation area of grassland increases first and then decreases.However, the area of other HH accumulation areas is decreasing.The HHLL-like accumulation areas are concentrated in the range of 1.5 km from the water area, 1.5 km from the road and 3 km from the residential area.The closer it is to the waters, roads and settlements, the area of HH accumulation areas of construction land, garden land and cultivated land increases rapidly.Compared with HH accumulation area, the cultivated land LL accumulation area mainly distributes in the area above 1 200 m, the average slope increases, the positive positive direction area is slightly larger than the other slope direction area, the distance from the water area and the residential area is far and the area shows the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The LL accumulation area of grassland is mainly distributed in the slope area of 1 000 ~ 1 200 m elevation area with a slope of 15 擄~ 35 擄. The distribution area of each slope is similar to that of water area, the distance between road and residential area is close and the area is decreasing.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與干旱農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41571263)
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2;P208

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