本文選題：近實(shí)時(shí)野外測(cè)量 + 移動(dòng)GIS��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在巨大商業(yè)利益有效驅(qū)動(dòng)移動(dòng)技術(shù)發(fā)展,移動(dòng)端應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢(shì)被廣泛認(rèn)可的今天,移動(dòng)GIS已經(jīng)成為GIS中的一個(gè)重要部分。嵌入式全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(GNSS)和各種移動(dòng)設(shè)備的無線通信裝置的興起,也吸引了各方的興趣。通過有效實(shí)現(xiàn)在不同級(jí)別空間活動(dòng)下移動(dòng)設(shè)備的集成,移動(dòng)GIS經(jīng)常被用于野外測(cè)量與實(shí)地調(diào)察工作�？紤]到工作人員在地面控制點(diǎn)采集,采集用來驗(yàn)證的地面實(shí)況數(shù)據(jù),以及動(dòng)植物分類等過程中都需要野外數(shù)據(jù),野外數(shù)據(jù)的收集顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。相較于其他傳統(tǒng)方法,移動(dòng)GIS具有在較低的成本下快速獲取瞬時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)流的明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而野外考察項(xiàng)目的多樣性與獨(dú)特性等都為移動(dòng)解決方案的設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)施和支持帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。目前,大多數(shù)的野外移動(dòng)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)雖然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的高效獲取,卻未能很好地滿足數(shù)據(jù)兼容性、互操作等需求。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)野外測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)傳輸,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)可以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行近實(shí)時(shí)傳輸,并有效滿足互操作、兼容性和多功能需要的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)支持多種OGC服務(wù)的空間數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(SDI)和一個(gè)用于近實(shí)時(shí)野外測(cè)量的移動(dòng)應(yīng)用。通過移動(dòng)端的應(yīng)用可為該系統(tǒng)提供較高水平的兼容性和通用性,并且能夠解決多種野外的環(huán)境約束問題。此外,該系統(tǒng)借助于免費(fèi)和開源軟件(FOSS)組件以較低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)了開發(fā)。而開源使得該系統(tǒng)軟件具有很強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,能在許多情況下代替商業(yè)軟件。為了選擇出系統(tǒng)的最佳工具和組件,本文在實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的系統(tǒng)的過程中包括一些調(diào)查和評(píng)估工作。如對(duì)地圖服務(wù)器進(jìn)行評(píng)估,選擇出最合適的服務(wù)器端組件;對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)制圖和移動(dòng)制圖框架進(jìn)行評(píng)估和選型,使其能夠滿足大多數(shù)應(yīng)用的需求。該野外測(cè)量方案被編成Android應(yīng)用程序,并已在武漢大學(xué)信息學(xué)部室外進(jìn)行了多項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)采集測(cè)試。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)多個(gè)傳感器來收集數(shù)據(jù),包括采集位置信息的GNSS接收器,采集圖像信息的照相機(jī)和采集音頻信息的麥克風(fēng),并將其與輸入的文本信息相結(jié)合作為屬性。通過使用蜂窩網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以將收集到的數(shù)據(jù)瞬時(shí)傳輸?shù)椒⻊?wù)器,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)近乎實(shí)時(shí)地可視化。本文提出的解決方案之所以優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有的大多數(shù)移動(dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量解決方案,主要是從兩個(gè)方面來提高數(shù)據(jù)的采集能力。一方面,本文方案利用無線通信實(shí)現(xiàn)了瞬時(shí)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的采集,這使得該方案在許多場(chǎng)景下尤其是災(zāi)害管理等,占據(jù)至關(guān)重要的地位。另一方面,本文方案以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的地理空間格式對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),操作和傳輸,能夠更方便地與其他地理空間服務(wù)協(xié)同,從而鼓勵(lì)了利益相關(guān)者的協(xié)作,也降低了部署成本。
[Abstract]:With the development of mobile technology driven by huge commercial interests and the advantages of mobile applications, mobile GIS has become an important part of GIS.The rise of embedded global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and wireless communication devices for various mobile devices has also attracted interest.Mobile GIS is often used in field survey and field monitoring by effectively realizing the integration of mobile devices at different levels of space activities.Considering that field data are needed in the process of staff collecting ground control points, collecting ground real data for verification, and classification of animals and plants, the collection of field data is particularly critical.Compared with other traditional methods, mobile GIS has the obvious advantage of fast obtaining instantaneous data stream at lower cost.However, the diversity and uniqueness of field exploration projects pose challenges to the design, implementation and support of mobile solutions.At present, most field mobile measurement systems can achieve efficient data acquisition, but they can not meet the requirements of data compatibility, interoperability and so on.In order to realize the real-time transmission of field measurement data, this paper designs a system which can transmit the data in near real time and meet the requirements of interoperability, compatibility and multifunction.The system implements a spatial data infrastructure supporting multiple OGC services (SDI) and a mobile application for near-real-time field measurements.The application of mobile terminal can provide a high level of compatibility and versatility for the system, and can solve various environmental constraints in the field.In addition, the system is developed with the help of free and open source software (FOSS) components at lower cost.Open source makes the system software competitive and can replace commercial software in many cases.In order to select the best tools and components of the system, this paper includes some investigation and evaluation work in the process of implementing such a system.For example, the map server is evaluated to select the most suitable server-side components, and the network cartography and mobile cartographic framework are evaluated and selected to meet the needs of most applications.The field measurement program has been programmed into a Android application program and has been tested outdoors by the Department of Information Science of Wuhan University.The system designs several sensors to collect data, including a GNSS receiver for collecting position information, a camera for collecting image information and a microphone for collecting audio information, and combines them with input text information as attributes.By using cellular network, the collected data can be transiently transmitted to the server, so that the transmission data can be visualized almost in real time.The solution proposed in this paper is superior to most of the existing mobile field measurement solutions, mainly from two aspects to improve the ability of data acquisition.On the one hand, the scheme uses wireless communication to realize instantaneous data acquisition, which makes the scheme play an important role in many scenarios, especially in disaster management.On the other hand, the scheme uses standardized geospatial format to store, operate and transfer data, which can facilitate collaboration with other geospatial services, thus encouraging the cooperation of stakeholders and reducing deployment costs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP311.52;P228.4

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