本文選題：在軌幾何檢校　切入點(diǎn)：區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：遙感對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)是當(dāng)前人類獲取地球表層信息的重要手段。隨著航天遙感技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,越來(lái)越多的遙感衛(wèi)星被發(fā)射升空,其地面分辨率和幾何定位精度也不斷的提高。2014年8月13日發(fā)射的WorldView-3是美國(guó)Digital Global公司開(kāi)發(fā)的高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星WorldView系列第三顆衛(wèi)星,其地面分辨率已經(jīng)可以達(dá)到0.31m,直接幾何定位精度預(yù)計(jì)優(yōu)于3.5m,是目前世界范圍內(nèi)最先進(jìn)的商業(yè)遙感衛(wèi)星。我國(guó)也于2010年5月全面啟動(dòng)實(shí)施高分專項(xiàng)(高分辨率對(duì)地觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)重大專項(xiàng))計(jì)劃,高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前遙感領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一,而遙感衛(wèi)星幾何定位技術(shù)又是對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)的重要課題,提高遙感衛(wèi)星幾何定位精度有利于遙感衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的廣泛應(yīng)用。 影響遙感衛(wèi)星幾何定位精度的因素主要包括軌道定位精度,姿態(tài)定位精度,星上時(shí)問(wèn)基準(zhǔn)以及后期的傳感器幾何定標(biāo)精度和平差處理精度等,受硬件水平及定軌定姿技術(shù)的限制,大部分國(guó)產(chǎn)遙感衛(wèi)星的直接對(duì)地定位精度無(wú)法滿足高精度應(yīng)用的需求。因此,傳感器幾何定標(biāo)技術(shù)以及區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差技術(shù)則成為了提高國(guó)產(chǎn)遙感衛(wèi)星對(duì)地幾何定位精度的重要手段。 本文主要介紹了當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外主要的航天線陣傳感器系統(tǒng)及其相關(guān)的在軌幾何檢校和區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差技術(shù),并在此基礎(chǔ)上確立了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究?jī)?nèi)容。 (1)基于海量中等精度控制信息的多條帶影像聯(lián)合在軌幾何檢校 研究了線陣傳感器的成像幾何以及定位模型,并針對(duì)其成像原理列出了相關(guān)的在軌幾何檢校參數(shù),同時(shí)分析上述參數(shù)對(duì)傳感器定位精度的影響以及各類參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性,并提出了消除或者削弱其相關(guān)性的一些策略。結(jié)合當(dāng)前地面控制點(diǎn)信息缺乏以及在軌幾何檢校過(guò)度依賴檢校場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀,本文提出利用海量中等精度控制信息自動(dòng)提取技術(shù),采用多條帶影像聯(lián)合在軌幾何檢校技術(shù),使用大量的資源三號(hào)三線陣影像數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行相關(guān)的在軌幾何檢校試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,僅利用自動(dòng)匹配的中等精度地面控制點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù),可以達(dá)到利用高精度檢校場(chǎng)的檢校結(jié)果。不僅提高了定位精度,減少了檢校成本,而且由于地面控制點(diǎn)是自動(dòng)匹配,因此整個(gè)檢校的過(guò)程已經(jīng)完全自動(dòng)化,提高了檢校效率。 (2)基于海量中等精度控制信息的線陣影像自檢校區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差 研究了自檢校區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差技術(shù)的基本原理以及方法理論,并介紹了相關(guān)的自檢校參數(shù)選擇辦法以及自檢校模型的建立(美國(guó)布朗教授提出的包含四類改正項(xiàng)的共21個(gè)參數(shù)模型,德國(guó)Ebner教授提出的純數(shù)學(xué)意義的共12個(gè)附加參數(shù))。自檢校參數(shù)的選擇應(yīng)當(dāng)避開(kāi)各類參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性。選擇具有幾何或者物理意義的參數(shù),能夠更好的補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)誤差。本文針對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)CBERS-02B高分辨率相機(jī)的內(nèi)部成像幾何特點(diǎn),分別采用不同組合的自檢校參數(shù),并利用一個(gè)條帶的CBERS-02B高分辨率影像數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行自檢校區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,引入了內(nèi)方位元素改正參數(shù)后,平差結(jié)果精度比未引入這些參數(shù)時(shí)的精度要提高了2-3個(gè)像素。 (3)帶地面控制點(diǎn)的航天線陣影像區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差 介紹了經(jīng)典的粗差檢測(cè)與定位方法以及相關(guān)的選權(quán)策略。并選取合適的平差模型和粗差檢測(cè)與選權(quán)策略,分別對(duì)天繪一號(hào)三線陣影像以及資源三號(hào)三線陣影像進(jìn)行區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于長(zhǎng)軌道數(shù)據(jù)(軌道長(zhǎng)度超過(guò)1000公里),采用合適的同一地面控制點(diǎn)布設(shè)方案(本文采用14個(gè)地面控制點(diǎn)),定向片模型的平差結(jié)果最好。針對(duì)資源三號(hào)衛(wèi)星三線陣影像數(shù)據(jù),采用系統(tǒng)誤差補(bǔ)償模型,用自動(dòng)匹配的中等精度地面點(diǎn)作為控制,僅補(bǔ)償一次項(xiàng)參數(shù)即可得到平面不超過(guò)15m,高程不超過(guò)12m的精度。 (4)基于無(wú)地面控制點(diǎn)的大范圍多條帶航天線陣影像區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差 研究了無(wú)地面控制點(diǎn)平差的算法原理以及相關(guān)的定權(quán)方法,采用大范圍多條帶影像的聯(lián)合區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差的策略,通過(guò)各軌道間的重疊度來(lái)約束其位置和姿態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)在平差系統(tǒng)中的自由度,提高無(wú)控平差的穩(wěn)定性。分析了對(duì)于超大范圍數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生的大數(shù)據(jù)量存儲(chǔ)于運(yùn)算的問(wèn)題以及超大法方程的求逆解算問(wèn)題。采用總共13個(gè)條帶的資源三號(hào)三線陣影像數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了基于無(wú)地面控制點(diǎn)的區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,資源三號(hào)衛(wèi)星無(wú)地面控制點(diǎn)區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差的精度相對(duì)于直接對(duì)地定位的精度,有了較大的提升,達(dá)到平面8.3米,高程5.0米,該精度可以滿足國(guó)家1：5萬(wàn)地形圖的繪制要求。根據(jù)超大區(qū)域網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力分析結(jié)果,超大范圍(無(wú)縫覆蓋整個(gè)中國(guó))的區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差處理,具備實(shí)際可行性。
[Abstract]:The earth observation technology is an important means to obtain the information of the current human earth surface. With the continuous development and progress of remote sensing technology, remote sensing satellites are increasingly being launched, the ground resolution and the geometric positioning accuracy is also improved in August 13th.2014 launched WorldView-3 is a high resolution satellite remote sensing satellite developed by American WorldView series third Digital Global, the ground resolution can reach 0.31m, is expected to direct geometric positioning accuracy is better than 3.5m, is a commercial remote sensing satellite in the world at present. The most advanced in China in May 2010 started the implementation of special high (high resolution earth observation system of major projects) plan, high resolution satellite remote sensing has become one of the hot spots the remote sensing of earth observation, remote sensing and satellite positioning technology and geometry of Earth Observation Technology The important task of the operation is to improve the precision of the remote sensing satellite's geometric positioning, which is beneficial to the wide application of the remote sensing satellite data.
Influence factors of remote sensing satellite geometric positioning accuracy including track positioning accuracy, attitude accuracy, and later asked the reference sensor geometric calibration precision and poor processing precision of star, by the hardware level and the orbit and attitude determination technology is limited, most of the domestic satellite to ground positioning accuracy can not meet the high precision application the demand. Therefore, the sensor geometry calibration and regional adjustment technology has become the important means to improve the domestic satellite remote sensing geometric positioning accuracy.
This paper mainly introduces the current domestic and foreign main line space array sensor system and its related on orbit geometric calibration and regional adjustment technology, and established on the basis of the following research contents.
(1) multi band image and on orbit geometric calibration of mass medium precision control based on information
The study of linear sensor imaging geometry and positioning model, and lists the on orbit geometric calibration parameters related to the imaging principle, analyzing the influence of parameters on sensor positioning accuracy and the correlation between the various parameters at the same time, and puts forward some strategies to eliminate or weaken the correlation. According to the current situation of ground control points and the lack of information over reliance on orbit geometric calibration calibration field, this paper proposes the use of mass medium precision control automatic information extraction technology, using multi band image and on orbit geometric calibration technology, using a lot of resources three, three line array image data, for on orbit geometric calibration test, test results show that with only moderate accuracy of ground control points automatic data matching, can be achieved by using high precision calibration field calibration results. Not only improves the positioning accuracy and reduce the The calibration cost, and because the ground control points are automatically matched, so the whole process has been fully automated calibration, improve the calibration efficiency.
(2) regional network adjustment of linear image self-examination Campus Based on mass medium precision control information
Study on the basic principle of self calibration block adjustment technology and method of theory, and introduces the establishment of self calibration parameters related to the choice of methods and self calibration model (a total of 12 additional parameters of 21 parameters including four kinds of correction model proposed by Professor Brown, the pure mathematical significance put forward by Professor Ebner in Germany.). Self calibration parameters should avoid all kinds of correlation between parameters. Parameter selection with geometric or physical meaning, can compensate the system error better. Based on the domestic CBERS-02B high resolution camera imaging geometric characteristics, self calibration parameters of different combinations were used, and the use of a strip of high resolution CBERS-02B image the data were self calibration block adjustment test, test results show that the introduction of elements of interior orientation correction parameters, the adjustment results than without introducing these parameters The accuracy of the time is increased by 2-3 pixels.
(3) regional network adjustment of space linear array images with ground control points
The classic gross error detection and location method and choose the right strategy. And select the appropriate adjustment model and outlier detection and choose the right strategy, respectively on the day painted a No. three line array images and resources three, three line array images of regional network adjustment test, test results show that for long track data (track length more than 1000 km), using the same ground control points (using appropriate 14 ground control points), directional model adjustment results. The best resources for the three satellite three line array image data, a systematic error compensation model, with medium precision ground point automatic matching as a control, only one can get the compensation parameters plane does not exceed 15m, height of not more than 12m precision.
(4) regional network adjustment of large range multi strip space linear array images based on no ground control points
Study on the algorithm of point adjustment principle and method related to the right of ground control, using a large range of multiple joint area network with image adjustment strategy, the degree of overlap between each track to constrain the data of position and attitude adjustment in degrees of freedom in the system, improve the stability of control adjustment the analysis of large data. For the large range of data stored in the production operation and large equation inverse solution. The area network without ground control point adjustment test based on a total of 13 bands of the No. three resources three line array image data, test results show that the resources of No. three the satellite ground control points of regional network adjustment with respect to the accuracy of direct precision of positioning, have been greatly improved, the plane reached 8.3 meters, height of 5 meters, the precision can meet the national 1:5 million topographic map drawing requirements. According to the large area The analysis results of the data processing capability of the domain network, the area network adjustment processing with a wide range (covering the whole of China), has practical feasibility.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P207.2

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