發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-08 21:50

  本文選題：青藏高原　切入點(diǎn)：遙感　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：青藏高原(QTP)因其高海拔、獨(dú)特的地理環(huán)境以及豐富的水資源，對(duì)整個(gè)亞洲的氣候與季風(fēng)系統(tǒng)具有重要影響，進(jìn)而影響著全球氣候以及氣候變化。青藏高原被眾多山脈所環(huán)繞，這些高山平均海拔在5,000-6,000米之間，因此青藏高原被稱為“世界屋脊”。 本文研究了1999年-2010年（5月-9月）12年間的青藏高原積雪的地理分布以及時(shí)空變化特征。研究使用了Landsat衛(wèi)星影像，GDEM ASTER數(shù)據(jù)以及青藏高原地區(qū)60個(gè)氣象站的月均溫度與降水記錄。通過利用遙感和GIS技術(shù)分析研究12年間積雪區(qū)域的變化，我們可以得出氣候變化對(duì)于這一區(qū)域的影響。 結(jié)果顯示出這一地區(qū)具有“夏季氣候變暖”特性，，青藏高原所有山區(qū)均表現(xiàn)出地表溫度上升的主要特征。其中青藏高原中部、西北部和東北部具有較強(qiáng)的上升趨勢(shì)，而青藏高原東南部和西南部上升趨勢(shì)較弱。 本文研究了青藏高原積雪的時(shí)空分布特征。積雪并不是青藏高原上普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，僅有高原周邊的山區(qū)有可見的積雪存在。高大山脈的阻隔作用使得高原內(nèi)部在降雪季節(jié)非常干燥，這使得在廣大的高原內(nèi)部積雪非常少且薄，多是零星分布且持續(xù)時(shí)間很短。青藏高原十二年間的氣候變暖對(duì)于冰川具有重要影響，1999年以來冰川消退越來越嚴(yán)重，冰川發(fā)生了明顯的消退。我們可以觀察到積雪范圍和地面溫度之間的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。冰川的變化顯現(xiàn)出多變性，較嚴(yán)重的冰川消退出現(xiàn)在高原周邊以及東南部，而高原中部及周邊山區(qū)冰川消退相對(duì)較緩。 冰川不僅與大氣發(fā)生著活躍的能量與物質(zhì)交換，冰川融水也是下游河流的重要水源。冰川以固態(tài)的形式保存著大量的水，因此冰川參與全球水循環(huán)，并且是水平衡的重要組成部分。冰川消退對(duì)于青藏高原及其周邊地區(qū)的社會(huì)環(huán)境都有重要影響，這些影響包括暴風(fēng)雪，冰川融水引發(fā)的洪水，冰川泥石流，以及愈發(fā)頻繁的冰湖潰決洪水，雪崩，濕地退化，湖水暴漲和干涸，以及河川徑流的不穩(wěn)定等，這些都威脅到動(dòng)植物的生存環(huán)境。減緩氣候變化、加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)是全人類的重要義務(wù)。
[Abstract]:Due to its high altitude, unique geographical environment and abundant water resources, QTP has an important impact on the climate and monsoon system of the whole Asia, thus affecting the global climate and climate change.The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is surrounded by mountains with an average elevation of between 5000 and 6000 meters, so it is known as the roof of the world.In this paper, the geographical distribution and temporal and spatial variation of snow cover over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2010 (May-September) are studied.The Landsat satellite image GDEM ASTER data and the monthly mean temperature and precipitation records of 60 meteorological stations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied.By using remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze and study the change of snow cover region in the past 12 years, we can get the influence of climate change on this region.The results show that this area has the characteristic of "summer climate warming", and all mountain areas of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau show the main characteristics of surface temperature rise.There is a strong upward trend in the middle, northwest and northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, but the rising trend is weak in the southeast and southwest of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The temporal and spatial distribution of snow cover over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is studied in this paper.Snow is not a common phenomenon in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The barrier effect of high mountains makes the interior of the plateau very dry in the snowfall season, which makes the snow in the vast plateau very small and thin, mostly distributed sporadically and for a short time.The warming of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the past 12 years has an important impact on the glacier. Since 1999, the glacier retreat has become more and more serious, and the glacier retreat has taken place obviously.A negative correlation between snow cover and surface temperature can be observed.The change of glacier shows variability, the more serious glacier retreat appears in the periphery and southeast of plateau, but the glacier retreat is relatively slow in the middle of plateau and surrounding mountain area.Glacier not only has active energy and matter exchange with atmosphere, but also glacial melt is an important water source for downstream rivers.Glaciers preserve a large amount of water in solid state, so glaciers participate in the global water cycle and play an important role in water balance.Glacier retreat has important impacts on the social environment on and around the Tibetan Plateau, including snowstorms, floods caused by glacial melting water, glacier mudslides, and increasingly frequent glacial lake collapses, avalanches, and wetland degradation.The sudden rise and drying up of lakes and the instability of river runoff threaten the living environment of animals and plants.Mitigating climate change and strengthening environmental protection are important obligations for all mankind.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P343.6

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