本文選題：重力　切入點：絕對重力　出處：《中國地震局地震研究所》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前高精度的絕對重力儀精度高達1～2μGal，其用途主要在于研究重力時間變化，并為相對重力聯(lián)測提供基準和約束。在提供基準和約束時，儀器測量有效高度處的絕對測量值必須歸算至地面。因此重力垂直梯度的精密測定很大程度上決定了地面絕對重力基準的準確度。此外在利用FG5與A-10型絕對重力儀分別建立絕對基準時，由于2者測量的有效高度不同(FG5約為130cm；A10約為80cm)，重力垂直梯度空間非線性變化可能會影響到歸算結果。因此本文將對重力垂直梯度的測定及其空間非線性變化進行深入的研究，以證實重力垂直梯度非線性變化的存在性，，和對高精度絕對重力測量結果的影響。 本文主要研究內容與成果如下： 1、建立多種實際地形條件的地形模型，正演計算重力垂直梯度空間非線性變化，為空間非線性變化觀測方案的制定和完善提供基礎。 2、利用2臺CG-5型相對重力儀和2臺Burris型相對重力儀對28個具有代表性的重力基準點在80cm和130cm高度處與墩面之間進行多個往返閉合聯(lián)測，測定重力垂直梯度，并估算其精度。 3、為了有效驗證重力垂直梯度空間非線性變化，在秦嶺灃峪口和二測中心開展了進一步的觀測實驗。測量中在顧及現有不同絕對測量儀器有效高度的同時，增設一個100cm高度進行垂直梯度測定，給出了多高度重力垂直梯度測量結果及其擬合多項式。 4、根據計算得到各點重力垂直梯度測量值，分析重力垂直梯度的空間非線性變化。結果表明：重力垂直梯度的非線性變化在特定的地形條件下確實存在，最大空間非線性變化量可達到0.125μGal/cm，并與理論試算結果基本一致。
[Abstract]:At present, the precision of the high precision absolute gravimeter is as high as 1 ~ 2 渭 Gal. its main purpose is to study the variation of gravity time, and to provide the datum and constraint for the relative gravity simultaneous measurement.In providing the reference and constraints, the absolute measurements at the effective height of the instrument must be reduced to the ground.Therefore, the accuracy of the ground absolute gravity datum is largely determined by the precise measurement of the vertical gravity gradient.In addition, when using FG5 and A-10 absolute gravimeter to establish absolute datum separately, the spatial nonlinear variation of gravity vertical gradient may affect the calculation result because the effective height of the two measurements is about 130 cm / A10 is about 80 cm ~ (-1) because of the difference of effective height of the two measurements.In order to confirm the existence of the nonlinear variation of gravity vertical gradient and its influence on the results of high precision absolute gravity measurement, the measurement of vertical gravity gradient and its spatial nonlinear variation will be studied in this paper.The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows:1. The terrain model of various actual terrain conditions is established, and the spatial nonlinear variation of gravity vertical gradient is calculated forward, which provides the basis for the formulation and improvement of the observation scheme of spatial nonlinear change.2. Using two CG-5 relative gravimeters and two Burris relative gravimeters, 28 typical gravity datum points are measured at the height of 80cm and 130cm between the piers and the piers. The vertical gradients of gravity are measured and their accuracy is estimated.3. In order to effectively verify the spatial nonlinear variation of gravity vertical gradient, further observation experiments have been carried out in the Qianyukou of Qinling Mountains and the second Survey Center.Taking into account the available effective height of different absolute measuring instruments, a 100cm height is added to measure the vertical gradient. The results of multi-height gravity vertical gradient measurement and its fitting polynomial are given.4. According to the calculation, the measured values of vertical gradients of gravity at various points are obtained, and the spatial nonlinear variation of vertical gradients of gravity is analyzed.The results show that the nonlinear variation of gravity vertical gradient does exist under certain topographic conditions, and the maximum spatial nonlinear variation can reach 0.125 渭 Gal / cm, which is basically consistent with the theoretical results.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局地震研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P223

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