本文選題：城市建筑群　切入點(diǎn)：三維重建　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著數(shù)字城市的快速發(fā)展和城市三維空間模型應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的不斷擴(kuò)展,城市建筑群三維模型的需求日益增長。然而傳統(tǒng)建筑物三維重建方法在面對(duì)大空間尺度、大數(shù)據(jù)量、更新節(jié)奏快的城市建筑群時(shí),在效率、精度、成本、尺度、技術(shù)門檻等方面均不同程度存在缺陷。為此,論文嘗試引入目標(biāo)識(shí)別和參數(shù)化技術(shù),探求一種適用于城市建筑群的低成本、低門檻、高效率的“大眾化”三維重建解決方案,以滿足數(shù)字城市及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的迫切需求。 論文的主要內(nèi)容包括：(1)對(duì)建筑物三維重建、目標(biāo)識(shí)別和參數(shù)化建模這三大領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)研究、技術(shù)方法作了總結(jié)回顧,指出了其存在的問題；(2)對(duì)三大技術(shù)體系作了深度解構(gòu),指出了“二元并行框架”的成因,給出了交叉的可行途徑,并通過體系重構(gòu),構(gòu)建了城市建筑群三維重建的“三元交叉框架”；(3)針對(duì)遙感影像分割,提出了面向?qū)ο蟮亩喑叨葏^(qū)域合并分割方法和基于量化合并代價(jià)的快速區(qū)域合并分割方法；(4)針對(duì)矢量圖形優(yōu)化,提出了基于刪除代價(jià)的矢量圖形單層次優(yōu)化方法、面向遙感影像矢量化圖形的多層次優(yōu)化方法和面向建筑群的矩形擬合優(yōu)化方法；(5)針對(duì)三維信息提取,提出了基于擴(kuò)展統(tǒng)計(jì)模型的建筑群高度提取方法和三種城市建筑群層數(shù)估算模型,針對(duì)側(cè)向航拍影像提出了一種建筑群坐標(biāo)修正方法；(6)提出了“參-建分離”的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)。針對(duì)該架構(gòu)中的參數(shù)管理模塊,設(shè)計(jì)了參數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)、組織、管理和屬性塊的恢復(fù)、管理等方法。針對(duì)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站模塊,設(shè)計(jì)了風(fēng)格庫管理和項(xiàng)目庫管理子模塊。針對(duì)自動(dòng)建模模塊,提出了DXF-SHP文件格式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換,CGA文法規(guī)則和規(guī)則庫框架設(shè)計(jì),規(guī)則庫的調(diào)用和參數(shù)值傳遞,以及自動(dòng)化建模腳本的設(shè)計(jì)等系列方法；(7)集成關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方法,開發(fā)了城市建筑群三維重建軟件原型系統(tǒng)(3DRS)及其子系統(tǒng)CBRS、CityUp,并以杭州市西湖區(qū)為案例開展了實(shí)證研究,從精度、效率、成本、技術(shù)門檻、時(shí)效性等方面驗(yàn)證了整套解決方案的可行性。 研究表明：(1)建筑物目標(biāo)識(shí)別與參數(shù)化建模技術(shù),恰可解決建筑物三維重建面臨的兩大難點(diǎn)；“三元交叉框架”使三大技術(shù)體系成為一個(gè)緊密連接、流程清晰、分工明確、目標(biāo)一致的統(tǒng)一整體,為相關(guān)研究提供了理論支撐和方法指導(dǎo)；(2)面向?qū)ο蟮亩喑叨葏^(qū)域合并分割方法使綜合考慮多種地物特征和多尺度分割成為可能,最大限度地縮短了隊(duì)列長度,提高了分割精度和速度；基于量化合并代價(jià)的快速區(qū)域合并分割方法不僅能夠保證分割精度,而且合并速度優(yōu)勢(shì)隨初始分割區(qū)域數(shù)量的增加而越加顯著；(3)相較于經(jīng)典DP方法,基于刪除代價(jià)的矢量圖形單層次優(yōu)化方法具有更高的精度和更低的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度,而且單位節(jié)點(diǎn)處理能力和等壓縮率下的處理速度均具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)；相較于傳統(tǒng)單層次優(yōu)化方法,面向遙感影像矢量化圖形的多層次優(yōu)化方法對(duì)影像不同的分割尺度和空間分辨率具有更強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,能更好地還原地物的多層次特性；面向建筑群的矩形擬合優(yōu)化方法可以有效減少最小面積外接矩形的計(jì)算時(shí)間,確保矩形對(duì)邊平行、鄰邊垂直的關(guān)系,所得優(yōu)化結(jié)果的形態(tài)和面積精度均較為理想；(4)基于擴(kuò)展統(tǒng)計(jì)模型的建筑群高度提取方法、建筑群層數(shù)估算模型和建筑群坐標(biāo)修正方法分別達(dá)到了較高的精度水平,可滿足相關(guān)應(yīng)用需求；(5)“參-建分離”的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)以及針對(duì)三大模塊提出的一系列創(chuàng)新方法大幅降低了參數(shù)化建模平臺(tái)的技術(shù)門檻和邊際成本,提高了建模效率,為參數(shù)化技術(shù)的快速、廣泛普及提供了新的發(fā)展思路；(6)本研究所提方法及系統(tǒng)在精度、效率、成本、門檻、時(shí)效性等方面均滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)預(yù)定目標(biāo),體現(xiàn)了廣泛的優(yōu)勢(shì)和大眾化特性,整套解決方案具有可行性；(7)研究成果將推動(dòng)數(shù)字城市三維空間數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè),使之在城市規(guī)劃與管理、建筑景觀設(shè)計(jì)、國防軍事、應(yīng)急救災(zāi)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、虛擬旅游、交通導(dǎo)航等諸多領(lǐng)域得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the application of three-dimensional space of the fast development of digital city and city model of the continuous expansion of city buildings, the three-dimensional model of the growing demand. However, the traditional method of 3D building reconstruction in the face of large spatial scale, large amount of data, update the fast pace of city buildings, the efficiency, accuracy, cost, scale, technical barriers and so on are different degrees of defects. Therefore, this paper tries to introduce the target identification and parametric technology, to explore a suitable for city buildings with low cost, low threshold, high efficiency of the "popular" reconstruction solutions to meet the urgent needs of digital city and related fields.
The main contents of this paper include: (1) the building of 3D reconstruction, object recognition and related research of parametric modeling of the three fields, the technology method of the review, points out the existing problems; (2) of the three technology system for the depth of deconstruction, pointed out the causes of "two parallel framework" that has given the feasible way of the cross, and through the reconstruction of the system, the construction of city buildings reconstruction "three element cross framework"; (3) for remote sensing image segmentation, proposed multi-scale region merging object-oriented segmentation method and fast region merging cost based on quantitative combined segmentation; (4) according to the vector graphics optimization is put forward based on the vector graphics single level optimization method to remove the cost of remote sensing image vector graphics method of multi-level optimization and fitting optimization method for rectangular buildings; (5) according to the three letter Information extraction is proposed for estimating the model extended statistical model building height extraction methods and three kinds of city buildings based on the lateral aerial image layers, a modified method is proposed for building group coordinates; (6) proposed a system architecture to build parametric separation ". According to the parameters of the management module of the architecture, association the parameters of the design, organization, management and attribute block recovery, management and other methods. According to the service module, the design style of library management and project management module. In the automatic modeling module, the DXF-SHP automatic file format conversion, the design of library framework grammar rules and CGA rules, rules library calls and parameter values transfer and automatic modeling script design series method; (7) the key technology integration, the development of city buildings 3D reconstruction software prototype system (3DRS) and its sub system CBRS, CityUp, and Hangzhou The city Xihu District has carried out an empirical study for the case, verifying the feasibility of the whole solution from the aspects of accuracy, efficiency, cost, technical threshold and timeliness.
Research shows that: (1) modeling technology of building target recognition and parameter, it can solve the two difficulties of reconstructing buildings; "three element cross framework" the three technical systems become a closely connected, clear flow, clear division of labor, the overall goal consistent, provides theoretical support and guidance method for the relevant research; (2) multiscale region merging object-oriented segmentation method to integrate a variety of features and multi-scale segmentation becomes possible, minimizing the queue length, improve the accuracy and speed of segmentation; segmentation method combined with quantitative fast region merging based on cost can not only ensure the accuracy of segmentation, but also with the speed advantage with the increase in the number of initial segmentation region has become increasingly significant; (3) compared to the classical DP method has higher precision of vector graphics single level optimization method based on cost delete Degree and lower time complexity, and node processing capacity and processing speed of compression ratio has a significant advantage; compared with the traditional single level optimization method, segmentation scale and spatial resolution of multi-level optimization method for remote sensing image vector graphics on different images has stronger adaptability and better able to restore more than object oriented hierarchy characteristic; rectangle fitting optimization method can effectively reduce the calculation time of rectangle of minimum area outside the building, to ensure that the rectangular edge parallel relationship between adjacent vertical sides, the shape and area of accuracy of the optimization results are ideal; (4) extended statistical model extraction method based on height of buildings, building group number estimation model and complex coordinate correction method respectively, higher levels of precision, which can meet the application needs; (5) "Shen - built" separation system A series of innovative methods of system architecture and put forward three modules to greatly reduce the technical threshold of parametric modeling platform and marginal cost, improve the efficiency of modeling, parametric technology rapid popularization, provide a new development ideas; (6) of the proposed method and system in precision and efficiency. The cost threshold, timeliness meets the experimental target, embodies the advantages of widely and popular characteristics, set of feasible solutions; (7) study will promote the construction of digital city spatial data infrastructure, the city planning and management, landscape architecture, military defense, emergency relief, environmental protection, virtual tourism, can be widely used in many fields such as transportation and navigation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU198;P208

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