本文選題：GPS　切入點：實時　出處：《中國地震局地震研究所》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代大地測量的主要觀測手段之一，GNSS技術(shù)能獲取地震時期高精度的地表形變信息，而利用高采樣率GNSS數(shù)據(jù)能獲得地震時期瞬時同震形變，從而間接獲得地震波信號，為進一步研究地震震源破裂過程、地震波特性、地震震中反演等地震學(xué)問題提供新的數(shù)據(jù)來源。 高精度GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理一般采用用后處理方式對RINEX文件進行處理。后處理方式可以提供高精度的定位結(jié)果，但卻有時滯性、低時間分辨率等缺點。（1）采用IGS最終星歷解算可保證較高的精度，，但至少有12d的時間延遲；即使采用IGS超快速星歷也需要從GPS接收機取回足夠歷元數(shù)的RINEX文件后才能解算。（2）后處理軟件通常一次性讀入所有觀測數(shù)據(jù)，計算機的性能將制約其處理的數(shù)據(jù)量，如Bernese和GAMIT中的后處理動態(tài)模塊每次均只能處理3h左右的高采樣率數(shù)據(jù)。（3）常規(guī)處理軟件大多只能處理最高1Hz采樣率數(shù)據(jù)，獲取高頻位移信號能力較弱。因此GPS后處理方式的滯后性不能滿足地震等自然災(zāi)害短臨預(yù)警對實時性、高時間分辨率的要求。 GAMIT/GLOBK的實時運動學(xué)模塊trackRT采用逐歷元相對定位模式，解算過程中消除了大部分的星歷誤差、衛(wèi)星鐘差和電離層延遲誤差，精度大幅提高，可以實時處理常規(guī)采樣率(30S至1Hz）和高采樣率(1Hz以上)數(shù)據(jù)。 針對GPS后處理方式存在的問題，本文研究了進行了如下研究：（1）GPS相對定位的理論基礎(chǔ)，主要包括時間與坐標系統(tǒng)、相對定位的觀測模型和參數(shù)估計方法，并分析了相對定位中的各種誤差影響；（2）闡述了trackRT實時相對定位的原理，用trackRT對連續(xù)站數(shù)據(jù)進行了實時處理，并用其RIENX模擬版本模擬計算了2011年日本宮城Mw9.0級地震和2013年四川雅安Mw7.0級地震的GPS資料，獲得了與后處理方式較吻合的動態(tài)定位結(jié)果，證明了trackRT能夠?qū)崟r捕獲地震中的動態(tài)位移；（3）研究了利用GPS定位結(jié)果提取地震波信號的數(shù)學(xué)模型，包括形變波波初至?xí)r刻的提取、地震震中的反演以及地震發(fā)生時刻的確定。
[Abstract]:As one of the main observation methods of modern geodesy, GNSS technology can obtain high precision ground deformation information during earthquake period, while using GNSS data with high sampling rate can obtain instantaneous coseismic deformation during earthquake period, and thus indirectly obtain seismic wave signal. It provides a new source of data for further study of earthquake source rupture process, seismic wave characteristics, seismic epicenter inversion and other seismological problems. High-precision GPS data processing usually uses post-processing to process RINEX files. The post-processing method can provide high-precision positioning results, but it has time-delay. The IGS final ephemeris solution can guarantee high accuracy, but it has at least 12 days time delay. Even if the IGS superfast ephemeris is used, it is necessary to retrieve enough RINEX files from the GPS receiver to solve the problem.) the post-processing software usually reads all the observation data at one time, and the performance of the computer will restrict the amount of data it processes. For example, the post-processing dynamic module in Bernese and GAMIT can only deal with the high sampling rate data of about 3 hours each time.) most of the conventional processing software can only handle the highest 1Hz sampling rate data. The ability to obtain high-frequency displacement signals is weak, so the lag of GPS post-processing can not meet the requirement of real-time and high-time resolution for short-term and impending early warning of natural disasters such as earthquakes. The real time kinematics module trackRT of GAMIT/GLOBK adopts epoch-by-epochal relative positioning mode, which eliminates most of the ephemeris error, satellite clock error and ionospheric delay error, and improves the accuracy greatly. The data can be processed from 30 s to 1 Hz in real time and over 1 Hz at high sampling rate. In view of the problems existing in the post-processing mode of GPS, this paper studies the theoretical basis of GPS relative positioning as follows, mainly including time and coordinate system, observation model and parameter estimation method of relative positioning. The principle of real time relative positioning of trackRT is expounded, and the data of continuous station is processed in real time by trackRT. The GPS data of the Miyagi Mw9.0 earthquake in 2011 and the Ya'an Mw7.0 earthquake in Sichuan in 2013 have been simulated and calculated by using its RIENX simulation version. The dynamic location results are in good agreement with the post-processing method. It is proved that trackRT can capture the dynamic displacement in earthquake in real time.) the mathematical model of extracting seismic wave signal by using GPS positioning results is studied, including the first arrival time of deformation wave, the inversion of seismic epicenter and the determination of earthquake occurrence time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4;P315.7

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本文編號：1684952