本文選題：巖溶山地　切入點：土壤厚度　出處：《昆明理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是世界上遭受巖溶石漠化危害最嚴重的國家之一,涉及到8個省份,云南省巖溶面積11.09萬平方公里,占全省土地面積的28.93%。巖溶石漠化加劇了水土流失情況,導致植被覆蓋度降低,生物種類減少,可耕種土地面積不斷縮小等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,已經(jīng)嚴重威脅到了我國滇東南巖溶山地地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。滇東南巖溶山地地區(qū)的土壤厚度直接制約著當?shù)刂脖坏纳L狀況也很直觀地反映出了當?shù)氐乃亮魇闆r。土壤質(zhì)量的好壞可以通過施肥等人工方式進行改善和調(diào)整,但是土壤厚度的減少卻不是短時間內(nèi)就能夠恢復的。因此,對滇東南巖溶山地地區(qū)土壤厚度的空間分布特征的研究就顯得更為重要,這也是巖溶石漠化綜合治理工程能否合理布局的重要依據(jù)。 本文選取云南省廣南縣為研究區(qū),以實地采樣數(shù)據(jù)和TM遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過3S技術(shù)和地統(tǒng)計學方法對土壤厚度實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了處理,進而分析研究了滇東南巖溶山地土壤厚度的空間分布情況；對影響巖溶區(qū)土壤厚度空間分布的主要因素進行了探討,并就它們與土壤厚度之間的相互作用機制開展了分析；嘗試針對滇東南巖溶山地區(qū)域特性,建立了一種土壤厚度空間分布綜合探測分析法,并依據(jù)此綜合探測分析方法對滇東南巖溶山地地區(qū)的小流域土壤厚度空間分布狀況進行了綜合探測性制圖,圍繞著滇東南巖溶山地土壤厚度空間分布探測技術(shù)進行了有益的探索研究。論文得到的主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)通過對比驗證,確定在本文中采用普通克里格插值法對土壤厚度野外采樣點進行空間插值計算,采用的半方差擬合模型為指數(shù)模型。通過空間插值獲得研究區(qū)土壤厚度空間分布圖,利用ArcGIS軟件對空間插值結(jié)果進行誤差分析,結(jié)果表明應(yīng)用克里格插值法對研究區(qū)北部平坦區(qū)域的插值效果比南部峰叢洼地地區(qū)的精度要高,且得出所有預(yù)測點的土壤厚度預(yù)測值的相對誤差最大為21.308%,最小為1.306%。 (2)通過對研究區(qū)土壤厚度野外實測采樣實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行相關(guān)性分析可以看出,研究區(qū)土壤厚度的空間分布是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果,在諸多的相關(guān)影響因素中,土地利用類型、巖石裸露率、植被覆蓋度以及坡度等對其影響的程度最為明顯。 (3)利用遙感數(shù)據(jù)處理平臺ENVI對研究區(qū)的植被覆蓋度和巖石裸露率進行計算,借助GIS數(shù)據(jù)處理平臺ArcGIS軟件獲得研究區(qū)的土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖和坡度圖,并將以上獲得的結(jié)果與野外實測采樣數(shù)據(jù)進行空間疊加分析,結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)土壤厚度與土地利用現(xiàn)狀、坡度、植被覆蓋度以及巖石裸露率之間的相關(guān)性是非常明顯的,即在不考慮其他相關(guān)因素影響的情況下,土壤厚度按照水田、耕地、林地、荒草地和荒山裸地的順序逐漸變薄,且坡度越陡、植被覆蓋度越低、巖石裸露率越高的區(qū)域的土壤厚度越薄。 (4)選用主成分分析的方法確定各相關(guān)因素在對土壤厚度進行綜合作用時各自的影響,依據(jù)它們各自影響程度的大小確定它們各自所占的權(quán)重值,應(yīng)用SPSS軟件計算得到結(jié)果為：空間插值結(jié)果,土地利用,巖石裸露率,植被覆蓋度,坡度對應(yīng)的權(quán)重分別為0.2572、0.2546、0.2188、0.1424、0.1270。 (5)采用建立的土壤厚度空間分布綜合探測分析法,對研究區(qū)土壤厚度的空間分布情況進行了探測性制圖,從而得到研究區(qū)土壤厚度空間分布的綜合分布圖。對預(yù)測結(jié)果進行精度分析顯示：研究區(qū)土壤厚度綜合探測制圖結(jié)果的總體精度為87.14%,說明綜合探測制圖結(jié)果可用,方法可行。
[Abstract]:The karst rocky desertification is one of the most seriously affected countries in the world , involving 8 provinces , with a karst area of 11.09 million square kilometers , which accounts for 28.93 % of the whole province ' s land area . The karst rocky desertification contributes to the ecological environment safety in the karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan . The soil thickness of the karst mountain area in the southeast of Yunnan province can be improved and adjusted directly . However , the research on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil thickness in the karst mountain area of Southeast Yunnan is more important , which is also an important basis for the rational distribution of karst rocky desertification comprehensive control project .

Based on the field sampling data and TM remote sensing image data , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan is analyzed by using the data of sampling data and TM remote sensing image data in Yunnan Province .
The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil thickness in karst area are discussed , and the interaction mechanism between them and soil thickness is analyzed .
Based on the comprehensive detection and analysis method , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the karst mountain area in Southeast Yunnan is studied by comprehensive detection method . The main research results are as follows :

( 1 ) By means of comparison and verification , the spatial interpolation calculation of soil thickness field sampling points is determined by using ordinary Kriging interpolation method . The spatial distribution map of soil thickness in the study area is obtained by using spatial interpolation . The results show that the interpolation effect is higher than that of the southern peak cluster depression area by using the ArcGIS software , and the relative error of the soil thickness prediction value of all the prediction points is 21.308 % and the minimum is 1.306 % .

( 2 ) The spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is the result of multiple factors . In many related factors , the land use type , the rock exposure rate , the vegetation coverage and the slope are the most obvious .

( 3 ) Using the remote sensing data processing platform ENVI to calculate the vegetation coverage and the rock exposure rate in the research area , the GIS data processing platform ArcGIS software is used to obtain the land use status map and slope map of the research area . The results show that the soil thickness is gradually thinner according to the land , the cultivated land , the forest land , the wasteland and the barren hills in the case of not considering other relevant factors , and the steeper the slope , the lower the vegetation coverage , the thinner the soil thickness of the area with the higher rock exposure rate .

( 4 ) The main component analysis method is used to determine the influence of each relevant factor on the soil thickness , and determine their respective weight values according to their respective influence degree . The results are as follows : spatial interpolation results , land use , rock exposure rate , vegetation coverage and slope corresponding weights are 0.2572 , 0.2546 , 0.2188 , 0.142,0.1270 , respectively .

( 5 ) In this paper , the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is mapped by using the established comprehensive detection method of soil thickness spatial distribution , and the spatial distribution of soil thickness in the study area is obtained . The accuracy analysis of the prediction results shows that the overall accuracy of the results of the comprehensive detection of soil thickness in the study area is 87.14 % , which indicates that the results of the comprehensive exploration mapping are available and the method is feasible .

【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S151.9;P208

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