本文選題：災(zāi)害應(yīng)急　切入點(diǎn)：專題圖　出處：《解放軍信息工程大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，自然災(zāi)害所造成的影響越來越大。地震、泥石流、山體滑坡、洪澇等自然災(zāi)害是目前影響社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要災(zāi)害，對(duì)自然環(huán)境和人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大破壞。面對(duì)近年來災(zāi)害頻發(fā)的現(xiàn)狀，如何有效地減少災(zāi)害帶來的損失是一項(xiàng)重要的研究課題。在應(yīng)急減災(zāi)的過程中，準(zhǔn)確分析災(zāi)害對(duì)地理環(huán)境的影響，對(duì)提高應(yīng)急能力有著至關(guān)重要的作用。災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題地圖是表達(dá)災(zāi)害信息的專題地圖，其制圖過程實(shí)質(zhì)上就是對(duì)基礎(chǔ)空間數(shù)據(jù)（底圖要素）和災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)（專題要素）進(jìn)行處理的過程。災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題地圖通過對(duì)災(zāi)害信息內(nèi)容的表達(dá)，可為救援指揮工作提供依據(jù)。 本文從災(zāi)害應(yīng)急對(duì)專題地圖設(shè)計(jì)制作的需求出發(fā)，進(jìn)行理論分析和技術(shù)研究，主要的研究工作如下： 1、闡述了研究災(zāi)害現(xiàn)場地理環(huán)境和災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題圖的意義，分析了災(zāi)害應(yīng)急工作對(duì)地理信息的需求和國內(nèi)外災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題圖體系研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 2、分析災(zāi)害的類型和形成狀態(tài)，從災(zāi)害應(yīng)急的整體流程出發(fā)，分析災(zāi)害應(yīng)急各階段和各層次人員對(duì)地理信息的需求，提出構(gòu)建災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題地圖表達(dá)災(zāi)害特征。 3、結(jié)合災(zāi)害應(yīng)急不同階段的制圖用圖需求，提出災(zāi)情監(jiān)測(cè)圖組和預(yù)案仿真圖組的設(shè)計(jì)與制作方法。對(duì)地理信息要素和專題要素進(jìn)行分級(jí)處理，分析了不同圖組的表達(dá)方式，并且研究討論了災(zāi)害應(yīng)急符號(hào)的信息傳輸和構(gòu)圖規(guī)律。 4、在上述研究工作的基礎(chǔ)之上，設(shè)計(jì)研究了災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題圖生成系統(tǒng)，介紹了系統(tǒng)框架結(jié)構(gòu)和模塊設(shè)計(jì)，并展示了災(zāi)害應(yīng)急專題圖中圖組的成圖效果，驗(yàn)證了災(zāi)害系列專題圖體系的正確性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the impact of natural disasters is increasing. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, debris flows, landslides, floods and other natural disasters are the main disasters affecting the social economy at present. It has caused great damage to the natural environment and people's life and property. Facing the current situation of frequent disasters in recent years, how to effectively reduce the losses caused by disasters is an important research topic. The accurate analysis of the impact of disasters on the geographical environment is crucial to improving emergency response capacity. Thematic maps for disaster emergency response are thematic maps that express disaster information, The mapping process is essentially the process of processing the basic spatial data (background map elements) and disaster data (thematic elements). The disaster emergency thematic map can provide the basis for the rescue command by expressing the disaster information content. Starting from the demand of disaster emergency response to the design and production of thematic maps, this paper carries out theoretical analysis and technical research. The main research work is as follows:. 1. The significance of studying the geographical environment of disaster scene and the thematic map of disaster emergency response is expounded, and the need for geographic information in disaster emergency response work and the research status and development trend of disaster emergency thematic map system at home and abroad are analyzed. (2) analyzing the types and forming state of disasters, starting from the whole process of disaster emergency, analyzing the needs of people in different stages and levels of disaster emergency to geographical information, and putting forward the construction of thematic map of disaster emergency to express disaster characteristics. 3. According to the needs of cartography in different stages of disaster emergency response, the design and making method of disaster monitoring map group and simulation map group are put forward. The geographic information elements and thematic elements are classified, and the expression modes of different map groups are analyzed. And the information transmission and composition law of disaster emergency symbol are studied and discussed. 4. On the basis of the above research work, this paper designs and studies the system of generating thematic map of disaster emergency, introduces the frame structure and module design of the system, and shows the effect of drawing group in the thematic map of disaster emergency. The correctness and feasibility of the disaster series thematic map system are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P285.1

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本文編號(hào)：1675769