本文選題：城市濕地　切入點：濕地分類遙感　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：濕地是人類星球上獨一無二的非常重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng),它處于陸地和水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的相互作用相互影響的地區(qū),是生存環(huán)境的一部分,為人類提供了大量的物質(zhì)環(huán)境資源。位于城市中的濕地與人類關(guān)系最為密切,至古以來,城市依水而建、依濕地而興、城市發(fā)展離不開城市濕地資源,是城市生存與發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵所在。但是隨著我們國家城市化進程加快,隨之而來的城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,城市人口膨脹,促使人們對城市濕地開發(fā)變得盲目,最終導(dǎo)致濕地面積明顯減少,水質(zhì)惡化,以及城市濕地功能退化、水資源短缺等問題。這些問題嚴重影響了城市生態(tài)環(huán)境,降低城市居民宜居水平,阻礙了城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本次研究的目的在于:以重慶市都市區(qū)濕地資源為研究對象,對城市濕地分類及其動態(tài)變化進行研究。實現(xiàn)重慶都市區(qū)濕地現(xiàn)狀分析,用于系統(tǒng)的保護和建設(shè)濕地資源,合理的規(guī)劃與利用濕地資源。對于改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境,促進社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著重要的參考價值。同時為城市濕地研究工作者以及城市濕地保護的決策和執(zhí)行者提供相應(yīng)參考。本文濕地研究需要解決以下幾個問題:(1)城市濕地類型如何劃分。(2)城市濕地時間尺度,空間尺度上的分布變化規(guī)律。(3)城市濕地景觀動態(tài)變化規(guī)律。(4)引起濕地這種變化的驅(qū)動力因素�；谝陨线@些問題,本文選取1988年、2000年、2010年重慶市TM遙感數(shù)據(jù),綜合總結(jié)現(xiàn)有的研究成果,以地理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),運用RS和GIS技術(shù),通過目視解譯、監(jiān)督分類、決策樹等方法綜合提取重慶市都市區(qū)濕地類型并對濕地遙感提取技術(shù)進行了有益的探索,然后將城市濕地劃分為河流濕地、湖泊濕地、庫塘、灘涂、水田濕地,并運用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)理論對重慶市都市區(qū)1988年-2010年濕地的景觀格局變化進行分析。本文得出的主要結(jié)論有:(1)運用決策樹方法分別對重慶市1988、2000、2010年三期遙感數(shù)據(jù)提取。提取出,河流、湖泊、水田、灘涂、庫塘這五種都市區(qū)濕地類型。分別對提取出3期重慶都市區(qū)濕地類型遙感數(shù)據(jù)進行精度評價。三個年代解譯出的總體精度分別是70.75%、73.28%、74.33%,kappa系數(shù)分別為0.72、0.78、0.76。解譯精度較高,表明決策樹分類提取方法適用于城市濕地研究。(2)1988年-2010年重慶市都市區(qū)濕地面積總體上呈減少趨勢。重慶都市區(qū)濕地面積共減少21273.9hm2,減少幅度為12.27%:其中河流濕地減少966 hm2,減少幅度為7.8%;都市區(qū)湖泊濕地的面積同樣呈現(xiàn)減少趨勢,減少6.9 hm2,減少幅度9.3%;灘涂類濕地減少,相比1988年減少37 hm2:庫塘類型小幅度增加:水田濕地面積減少最多,減少幅度最大。(3)重慶市都市區(qū)濕地類型結(jié)構(gòu)分析得出:河流濕地變化最穩(wěn)定,說明受人為因素影響相對較小。庫塘的形狀邊界越來越趨于規(guī)整,邊界的復(fù)雜程度降低,人為影響較大。水田,湖泊濕地變化最為明顯。說明湖泊水田濕地人為因素影響最大。而且水田濕地變化幅度最大,是變化最明顯的都市區(qū)濕地類型。(4)重慶都市區(qū)濕地景觀格局水平分析得出:濕地景觀斑塊數(shù)量和斑塊密度1988年至2010年呈現(xiàn)逐漸增長的趨勢。平均斑塊面積呈現(xiàn)逐年下降趨勢,說明濕地景觀的破碎化和空間異質(zhì)性加劇。蔓延度指數(shù)逐年下降,破碎化程度逐年加劇,濕地景觀的連接性下降。而且濕地景觀總體集聚程度不高,相對分散。分維度指數(shù)逐年上升,景觀形狀復(fù)雜,邊界不規(guī)整。重慶市濕地景觀水平均勻度指數(shù)總體變化不大,景觀類型聚集度不高。多樣性指數(shù),呈先增長后下降的趨勢。(5)本文從自然因素和人為因素兩個方面對重慶市都市區(qū)濕地動態(tài)變化的驅(qū)動力進行分析,總結(jié)出驅(qū)動力影響因素:人為因素為主,自然因素為輔的影響機制,導(dǎo)致重慶都市區(qū)濕地面積減少,濕地景觀變化。并提出建立城市濕地監(jiān)控機制及濕地保護紅線等保護對策。
[Abstract]:The wetland is the one and only very important ecological system of human beings on the planet, it is the interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are affected areas, is a part of the living environment, provide a lot of material resources environment for mankind. People in the city and is located in the wetland type most closely related to the ancient city. Built by the water, according to the wetland and promote, city development cannot do without the wetland resources in the city, is the key to the survival and development of the city. But along with our country city changes a process to accelerate, city economic development with population, city expansion, city wetland development urges the people to become blind, eventually leading to the wetland area decreased, water quality worse, as well as the function of the city wetland degradation, water shortage and other issues. These problems have seriously affected the city's ecological environment, reduce city residents livable level, hindering the city Continued development. The purpose of this study is: to the wetland resources in Chongqing city as the research object, to study the city wetland classification and dynamic change analysis of Chongqing metropolitan area. The wetland system for the status quo, the protection and construction of wetland resources, planning and reasonable utilization of wetland resources. To improve the city's ecological environment, promote social sustainable economic development has an important reference value. At the same time as the city wetland research workers and city wetland protection policy and provide the corresponding reference performer. Research on the wetland needs to solve the following problems: (1) how to divide the city wetland types. (2) the time scale distribution of city wetland, spatial variation of scale. (3) changes of wetland landscape dynamic city. (4) the driving force caused by the change of wetland. Based on these issues, this paper selects in 1988, 2000, 2010 The city of TM remote sensing data, a comprehensive summary of the existing research results, based on geography, using RS and GIS technology, through visual interpretation and supervised classification, comprehensive extraction of decision tree method in Chongqing city urban wetland and a useful exploration of Remote Sensing Extraction Technology of wetland, and then divided into the river wetland city wetland, wetland, pond, mudflat, paddy field, and the use of landscape ecology, the landscape pattern changes on the statistical theory of Chongqing metropolitan area in 1988 -2010 wetland were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) respectively for 198820002010 years in Chongqing City, the three period remote sensing data extraction using decision tree method to extract. Rivers, lakes, beaches, ponds, paddy fields, the five metropolitan area respectively to extract wetland types. Evaluate the accuracy of remote sensing data of 3 wetlands in Chongqing metropolitan area. Three in the overall fine interpretation Respectively is 70.75%, 73.28%, 74.33%, kappa coefficients were 0.72,0.78,0.76. interpretation accuracy show that the decision tree classification extraction method was applied to the study of wetland city. (2) 1988 -2010 metropolitan area of Chongqing wetlands generally showed a decreasing trend. The urban area of Chongqing wetland area has been reduced by 21273.9hm2, reduce the rate of 12.27%: River wetland decreased 966 Hm2, reduce the rate of 7.8%; urban lake wetland area also showed a decreasing trend, decreased 6.9 Hm2, reduce the rate of 9.3%; reduce the tidal flat wetland, compared to 1988 decreased by 37 hm2: and pond type small increase: paddy wetland decreased the most, the biggest loss. (3) the analysis of Chongqing wetland city type structure: the most stable River wetland changes, that affected by human factors is relatively small. The shape boundary is more and more more regular pond, the complexity of the boundary is reduced, people For greater impact. Paddy field, Lake Wetland changed most obviously. The lake wetland paddy field of man-made factors. But the biggest change in paddy field, urban wetland type is the most obvious change. (4) Chongqing urban wetland landscape pattern of wetland landscape level analysis: the number and density of patches from 1988 to 2010 gradually the growth trend. The average patch area decreased year by year, shows that the fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity increased. Wetland landscape contagion index decreased year by year, the degree of fragmentation increased year by year, decline of wetland landscape and wetland landscape connectivity. The overall degree of concentration is not high, the relative dispersion. The fractal dimension index increased year by year, landscape shape is complex, the boundary is not regular. Chongqing city wetland landscape evenness index level of little overall change, landscape aggregation degree is not high. The diversity index was the first growth after The trend of decreasing. (5) from the two aspects of natural and human factors driving force on the dynamic changes of wetland in Chongqing city were analyzed, summed up the driving factors: human factors, natural factors influence mechanism of supplement, Chongqing metropolitan area led to the wet ground product reduced, wetland landscape changes and put forward. The establishment of city wetland monitoring mechanism and protection of wetland protection measures such as the red line.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901;P237

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