本文選題：DInSAR　切入點(diǎn)：開采沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煤炭開采引起的地表沉降現(xiàn)象十分普遍，加強(qiáng)對(duì)礦區(qū)地面沉降現(xiàn)象的研究已成為解決四礦問(wèn)題和實(shí)現(xiàn)礦區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要課題之一。對(duì)礦區(qū)地面沉降進(jìn)行持續(xù)有效監(jiān)測(cè)，可及時(shí)掌握沉降規(guī)律和地表破壞程度，為合理開采地下礦產(chǎn)資源，控制地面沉降提供決策依據(jù)。傳統(tǒng)地表沉降監(jiān)測(cè)方法和技術(shù)覆蓋面小、作業(yè)強(qiáng)度大、效率低、不能適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的需要。差分合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量（DInSAR）技術(shù)具有全天候、全天時(shí)、高分辨率和連續(xù)空間覆蓋的優(yōu)勢(shì)，已發(fā)展成為新型監(jiān)測(cè)礦區(qū)開采沉陷的技術(shù)。本文針對(duì)DInSAR技術(shù)在礦區(qū)沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用中存在的一些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究，包括DInSAR監(jiān)測(cè)地表形變的影響因素、基于外部DEM和角反射器的山區(qū)高分辨率SAR影像地理編碼和時(shí)序DInSAR技術(shù)及其在礦區(qū)地表重復(fù)采動(dòng)開采沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用等。取得的主要研究成果如下： （1）從理論上分析了基線估計(jì)誤差和外部DEM高程誤差對(duì)二軌DInSAR技術(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)地表形變的影響，，提出了一種基于地面高相干點(diǎn)的基線估計(jì)方法和基于濾波掩模的估計(jì)DInSAR干涉圖中大氣相位的方法，有效補(bǔ)償或去除了基線估計(jì)誤差和大氣延遲相位的影響。三種波段的SAR影像實(shí)證研究表明：利用TerraSAR-X影像監(jiān)測(cè)到13.3cm/11d的形變速率，利用ALOS-PALSAR影像監(jiān)測(cè)到40.6cm/46d的形變速率；相比較而言，EnviSAT-ASAR影像受波長(zhǎng)和時(shí)空分辨率的限制，監(jiān)測(cè)大形變的能力最弱。 （2）研究了不同多視系數(shù)和外部DEM對(duì)DInSAR技術(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)地表沉陷的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)：對(duì)于EnviSAT-ASAR和ALOS-PALSAR數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)外部DEM相同時(shí)，基于不同多視系數(shù)的干涉處理對(duì)形變監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果在形變量上的影響并不明顯；對(duì)于高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像，多視相干處理會(huì)降低DInSAR監(jiān)測(cè)到的最大形變量，應(yīng)盡可能選擇較小的多視系數(shù)。就外部DEM質(zhì)量而言，對(duì)于EnviSAT-ASAR和ALOS-PALSAR數(shù)據(jù)，其影響主要體現(xiàn)為少量的殘余地形相位；對(duì)于高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像，SRTM引起的殘余相位明顯，尤其在地表沉陷區(qū)域邊界和非沉陷區(qū)，SRTM補(bǔ)償?shù)匦蜗辔坏哪芰εcRelief-DEM相比，差異顯著。 （3）提出了一種利用角反射器和模擬SAR影像對(duì)山區(qū)高分辨率SAR影像進(jìn)行地理編碼和精度評(píng)定的方法。自主完成了研究區(qū)角反射器的設(shè)計(jì)、加工與安裝，提出了基于點(diǎn)目標(biāo)響應(yīng)的提取角反射器在多視強(qiáng)度圖上精確位置的方法，在此基礎(chǔ)上，將角反射器用于地理編碼優(yōu)化，有效提高了基于模擬SAR影像的地理編碼精度。 （4）利用X波段SAR數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)微小形變較敏感的優(yōu)勢(shì)，綜合GPS觀測(cè)資料、時(shí)序DInSAR及不同多視處理的DInSAR監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果，結(jié)合礦區(qū)工作面地質(zhì)采礦資料，成功提取了西山礦區(qū)重復(fù)采動(dòng)的地表沉陷邊界及重復(fù)采動(dòng)過(guò)程中開采沉陷相關(guān)參數(shù)，如邊界角、超前影響角、起動(dòng)距、下沉系數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了DInSAR技術(shù)在礦區(qū)開采沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)中的定量化應(yīng)用，為認(rèn)識(shí)重復(fù)采動(dòng)影響下地表沉陷規(guī)律提供了新的有效手段。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of surface subsidence caused by coal mining is very common. It has become one of the important subjects to solve the problems of the four mining areas and to realize the sustainable development of the mining areas to strengthen the research on the phenomenon of the land subsidence in the mining areas. The ground subsidence in the mining areas is continuously and effectively monitored. It can grasp the law of subsidence and the degree of surface damage in time, and provide a decision basis for rational exploitation of underground mineral resources and control of land subsidence. The traditional monitoring methods and techniques of surface subsidence have small coverage, large working intensity and low efficiency. The differential synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technology has the advantages of all-weather, all-day, high-resolution and continuous space coverage. It has been developed into a new technology for monitoring mining subsidence in mining area. In this paper, some problems existing in the application of DInSAR technology in mining subsidence monitoring are studied deeply, including the influencing factors of surface deformation monitoring by DInSAR. Based on external DEM and angle reflector, high resolution SAR image geographic coding and sequential DInSAR technology in mountainous area and its application in mining subsidence monitoring of surface repeated mining are presented. The main research results are as follows:. 1) the effects of baseline estimation error and external DEM height error on surface deformation monitoring by the second track DInSAR technique are analyzed theoretically. A baseline estimation method based on high coherence points on the ground and a method based on filtering mask to estimate the atmospheric phase in DInSAR interferogram are proposed. The effect of baseline estimation error and atmospheric delay phase is effectively compensated or eliminated. The empirical study of SAR images in three bands shows that the deformation rate of 13.3 cm / 11 d is monitored by TerraSAR-X image and 40.6 cm / 46 d by ALOS-PALSAR image. In contrast, EnviSAT-ASAR images have the weakest ability to monitor large deformation due to the limitation of wavelength and space-time resolution. (2) the effects of different multi-view coefficients and external DEM on surface subsidence monitoring by DInSAR technology are studied. It is found that for EnviSAT-ASAR and ALOS-PALSAR data, when the external DEM is the same, Interference processing based on different multi-view coefficients has no obvious effect on the shape variables of deformation monitoring results. For high-resolution TerraSAR-X images, multi-view coherent processing can reduce the maximum shape variables monitored by DInSAR. In terms of external DEM quality, for EnviSAT-ASAR and ALOS-PALSAR data, the influence is mainly reflected in a small amount of residual topographic phase, while for high-resolution TerraSAR-X images, the residual phase is obvious. In particular, the ability of SRTM to compensate the topographic phase in the boundary and non-subsidence areas of surface subsidence is significantly different from that of Relief-DEM. In this paper, a method of geocoding and accuracy evaluation of high resolution SAR images in mountainous area by using angle reflectors and simulated SAR images is presented. The design, processing and installation of corner reflectors in the study area are completed independently. A method of extracting the precise position of corner reflector on multi-intensity map based on point target response is proposed. On this basis, the angle reflector is used to optimize geographical coding, which effectively improves the precision of geographical coding based on analog SAR image. Using the advantage of X-band SAR data sensitive to small deformation, synthesizing GPS observation data, sequential DInSAR and different multi-view processing DInSAR monitoring results, combined with mining face geological and mining data. The surface subsidence boundary of repeated mining in Xishan mining area and the parameters related to mining subsidence during repeated mining are successfully extracted, such as boundary angle, leading influence angle, starting distance, subsidence coefficient, etc. The quantitative application of DInSAR technology in mining subsidence monitoring in mining area is realized, which provides a new effective means to understand the law of surface subsidence under the influence of repeated mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P642.26;P225

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