本文選題：全球導航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)　切入點：北斗導航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)　出處：《武漢大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：精密單點定位(PPP)技術以其計算效率高、作業(yè)靈活等優(yōu)點被廣泛應用。國內(nèi)外學者圍繞誤差模型精化、PPP模糊度解算、融合慣性導航系統(tǒng)的PPP和單頻PPP等熱點問題進行了研究。在傳統(tǒng)PPP技術的基礎上,出現(xiàn)了PPP-RTK的概念,即利用區(qū)域或全球參考網(wǎng)解算改正參數(shù),用于恢復用戶模糊度的整數(shù)特性,將PPP模糊度固定為整數(shù),從而提高實時定位精度并加快收斂速度。隨著北斗系統(tǒng)的建設、發(fā)展和廣泛應用,基于北斗觀測值進行PPP并固定模糊度,有重要的科研價值和現(xiàn)實意義。北斗系統(tǒng)在星座構成、信號頻率等方面有其自身特點。研究利用北斗觀測值進行精密單點定位及模糊度固定,須考察北斗觀測值的不同特性。本文以實現(xiàn)北斗PPP模糊度固定為目標,系統(tǒng)介紹衛(wèi)星導航基本原理和方法,比較了不同PPP-RTK模型,并論證了其一致性。借助頻譜分析、相關性分析和小波分析等數(shù)學工具考察了北斗MW組合觀測值、偽距多路徑組合觀測值和無幾何無電離層組合觀測值中的誤差及其特性,并與GPS、GLONASS和Galileo系統(tǒng)進行了比較。在此基礎上,實現(xiàn)了北斗PPP模糊度固定,并開展了靜態(tài)和動態(tài)PPP試驗。此外,還研究了基于北斗B1/B3無電離層組合觀測值的PPP及模糊度固定。本文主要研究工作如下：梳理了國內(nèi)外對PPP的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展方向,從科研價值和應用前景等方面闡述了研究北斗PPP模糊度固定的重要性。系統(tǒng)介紹GNSS基礎理論和基本方法,在此基礎上描述了PPP和PPP-RTK的數(shù)學模型。推導了兩種不同PPP-RTK模型參考網(wǎng)和用戶端的解析解,結果表明,雖然不同模型采用不同的S-變換基準和不同的改正參數(shù)向量,但不同的S-變換基準和不同的改正參數(shù)向量可以相互轉換,文中給出了相應的轉換關系。因此不同的PPP-RKT模型理論上是等價的。對大量測站長時間MW組合觀測值的分析表明,北斗衛(wèi)星的MW組合存在明顯的周期性系統(tǒng)誤差。北斗GEO衛(wèi)星MW組合非整周部分的日平均值相對穩(wěn)定,變換范圍通常在0.2周左右,但有時會發(fā)生跳變。北斗MEO衛(wèi)星MW組合非整周部分的日平均值穩(wěn)定性較差,變化范圍可達0.5周。北斗衛(wèi)星偽距多路徑組合也呈現(xiàn)周期性變化,變化幅度約為2 m。頻譜分析和相關性分析表明,GEO衛(wèi)星和IGSO衛(wèi)星多路徑組合的周期約為1恒星日,MEO衛(wèi)星多路徑組合的周期約為7個恒星日,分別與各自的軌道重復周期吻合。IGSO衛(wèi)星和MEO的多路徑組合與高度角明顯相關,GEO衛(wèi)星則無此相關性。對GEO衛(wèi)星多路徑組合中的周期性系統(tǒng)誤差,進行了小波提取和改正試驗,改正后偽距單點定位精度改善可達0.5 m。對于IGSO和MEO衛(wèi)星多路徑組合中的隨高度角變化的系統(tǒng)誤差,站間差分后可以明顯消除,表明這一系統(tǒng)誤差來源于衛(wèi)星,并通過高度角模型進行了改正。北斗無幾何無電離層組合相位觀測值存在變化幅度約為2 cm的周期性系統(tǒng)誤差,站間差分可以消除,表明其與衛(wèi)星相關。太陽輻射和地影對無幾何無電離層組合相位觀測值中的誤差有明顯的影響。選取跟蹤站組成區(qū)域參考站估計北斗衛(wèi)星FCB,在用戶測站開展靜態(tài)和動態(tài)PPP模糊度固定試驗。固定模糊度后,北斗靜態(tài)PPP在E、N和U方向的RMS分別為0.8 cm、0.7 cm和2.1 cm,相比于浮點解在E和U方向分別改善了11.1%和4.5%。北斗動態(tài)PPP固定模糊度后E、N和U方向的RMS分別改善約30.4%、20.7%和10.8%,達到1.6 cm、2.3 cm和5.8 cm。BDS/GPS靜態(tài)PPP固定解在E、N和U方向的RMS分別為0.4 cm、0.4 cm和0.6 cm; BDS/GPS動態(tài)PPP固定解在E、N和U方向的RMS分別為1.3 cm、1.1 cm和3.2 cm,相比于浮點解分別改善約23.5%、15.4%和8.6%。總體而言,模糊度固定對動態(tài)解精度改善更為明顯,改善最明顯的方向是E方向。除了定位精度,模糊度固定還可以顯著改善PPP的收斂時間,固定模糊度對北斗靜態(tài)和動態(tài)PPP收斂時間分別改善約4.3%和13.5%,對BDS/GPS靜態(tài)和動態(tài)PPP收斂時間分別改善約16.7%和16.1%。北斗B1/B3無電離層組合精度不如B1/B2組合。實施DCB改正后,B1/B3無電離層組合PPP的精度可以顯著改善；模糊度固定對B1/B3組合PPP的精度有所改善,但不明顯。
[Abstract]:Precise point positioning (PPP) technology with its advantages of high calculation efficiency, flexible operation is widely used. Domestic and foreign scholars around the error model refinement, PPP ambiguity, fusion of inertial navigation system PPP and single frequency PPP and other hot issues are studied. Based on the traditional PPP technology, the the concept of PPP-RTK, namely the use of regional or global reference network solution to correct the parameters, to restore the integer ambiguity characteristics of the user, the PPP integer ambiguity, so as to improve the real-time positioning accuracy and faster convergence speed. With the construction of the Beidou system, development and wide application of Beidou observations are PPP and fix the ambiguity based on the important research value and practical significance. The Beidou System in the constellation, has its own characteristics. The signal frequency based on Beidou observations of precise point positioning and ambiguity, shall examine the compass The different characteristics of the observational data. In order to achieve the Beidou PPP ambiguity fixed target system, introduces the basic principle and method of satellite navigation, compares the different PPP-RTK model, and demonstrates the consistency. By means of spectrum analysis, correlation analysis and wavelet analysis of mathematical tools and other effects of the MW Beidou combined observations, pseudorange multipath combination observations and geometry free ionosphere free combination of error and its characteristics of observations, and GPS, GLONASS and Galileo systems were compared. On this basis, the Beidou PPP ambiguity, and the static and dynamic PPP test was carried out. In addition, also study the ionosphere free combined observations of PPP and fuzzy degree based on the fixed compass B1/B3. In this paper, the main research work is as follows: combed the research status of PPP and the direction of development at home and abroad, the research value and application prospect and other aspects of the research on Beidou PPP ambiguity Fixed importance. GNSS introduced the system of basic theory and basic methods, based on the description of the mathematical model of PPP and PPP-RTK. The solution, two different PPP-RTK model reference network and user terminal are analyzed. Results show that although the different model using correction parameter vector S- transform standard different and different, but the correct parameter vector S- transform reference different can transform each other, given the corresponding conversion relationship. Therefore theory of different PPP-RKT models are equivalent. According to the analysis of a large number of test station combinations of MW observations, the existence of the periodic system error was MW. The combination of Beidou satellite Beidou satellite GEO MW combination the whole week part of the daily average value is relatively stable, transform is usually in the range of about 0.2 weeks, but sometimes jump. Satellite MEO MW combined non integer part of a week on average stability is poor, The change range of up to 0.5 weeks. The Beidou satellite pseudorange multipath combination also showed a cyclical change, change rate is about 2 M. spectrum analysis and correlation analysis showed that the cycle of GEO satellite and IGSO satellite multipath combination is about 1 stars, MEO satellite multi cycle path combination of about 7 stars, respectively. The respective track repeat cycle multi path anastomosis and MEO combination of.IGSO satellite and GEO satellite elevation angle was significantly related, no such correlation. The periodic system errors of GEO satellite multipath combination, the wavelet extraction and correction test, corrected pseudorange point positioning accuracy can be improved to 0.5 m. with the system error the height of IGSO and MEO satellite multi path combination in angle, difference between stations can significantly eliminate, show that the system error sources in satellite, and was corrected by altitude model. Beidou without geometry electric separation Combined phase observations vary by about periodic system error of 2 cm, the station difference can be eliminated, and that the satellite. The solar radiation and the effect has obvious influence on the geometry free ionosphere free combination of phase error observations. We select the tracking stations of regional reference station estimation of Beidou satellite FCB at the station, the user to carry out static and dynamic PPP ambiguity fixing test. Fix the ambiguity, the Beidou static PPP in E, N and U directions of the RMS were 0.8 cm, 0.7 cm and 2.1 cm, compared to the float solution 11.1% and 4.5%. Beidou dynamic PPP fix the ambiguity in E and E respectively after improvement U N and U direction, RMS direction respectively improved 30.4%, 20.7% and 10.8%, up to 1.6 cm, 2.3 cm and 5.8 cm.BDS/GPS static PPP fixed solution in E, N and U directions of the RMS were 0.4 cm, 0.4 cm and 0.6 cm; BDS/GPS dynamic PPP fixed solution in E, N and U directions RMS were 1.3 cm, 1. 1 cm and 3.2 cm, respectively, compared to the float solution improved about 23.5%, 15.4% and 8.6%. overall, ambiguity on the dynamic precision of the solution improvement is more obvious, the most obvious improvement direction is E direction. In addition to the positioning accuracy, ambiguity can significantly improve the convergence time of PPP, fixed ambiguity of Beidou the static and dynamic convergence time of PPP were improved by approximately 4.3% and 13.5% of BDS/GPS, the static and dynamic convergence time of PPP were improved about 16.7% and 16.1%. Beidou B1/B3 ionosphere free combination accuracy than B1/B2 group. The implementation of DCB corrected B1/B3 ionosphere free combination of the accuracy of PPP can significantly improve the accuracy of fixed; fuzzy B1/B3 combined PPP has improved, but it was not obvious.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P228.4
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本文編號：1635165