本文選題：國(guó)產(chǎn)POS　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)字航空相機(jī)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：機(jī)載POS (Position and Orientation System)技術(shù)能夠直接獲取航攝瞬間影像的外方位元素,以擺脫對(duì)地面控制點(diǎn)的依賴,在航空攝影測(cè)量中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。在POS與航攝相機(jī)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)集成的過(guò)程中,為了將POS系統(tǒng)獲取的位置和姿態(tài)元素轉(zhuǎn)換為影像的外方位元素,需要對(duì)POS與航攝相機(jī)集成時(shí)的位置和姿態(tài)關(guān)系進(jìn)行檢校,即偏心角和偏心分量的檢校。對(duì)多傳感器集成的系統(tǒng)誤差進(jìn)行精密檢校,是機(jī)載POS對(duì)地定位的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。 隨著我國(guó)高精度POS、數(shù)字航空相機(jī)和慣性穩(wěn)定平臺(tái)的研制,進(jìn)一步研究國(guó)產(chǎn)多傳感器集成時(shí)系統(tǒng)誤差的檢校方法,對(duì)航測(cè)設(shè)備的國(guó)產(chǎn)化具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文在像空間坐標(biāo)系到攝影測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系嚴(yán)密轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)引入地球曲率和子午線收斂角改正參數(shù)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,再分別采用最小二乘法和均值法求解偏心角,然后將物方坐標(biāo)系下的坐標(biāo)殘差轉(zhuǎn)換到像空間坐標(biāo)系中,進(jìn)而求出了偏心分量。最后將原始POS數(shù)據(jù)加上偏心角和偏心分量的誤差改正,從而解算出校正后相片的外方位元素。 為了驗(yàn)證上述檢校模型的可靠性,本文先后利用地面檢校場(chǎng)和空對(duì)地檢校場(chǎng)兩種檢校平臺(tái),根據(jù)一系列的模擬飛行和航測(cè)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),分別進(jìn)行了集成檢校參數(shù)求解、集成傳感器定向和直接地理定位數(shù)據(jù)處理。結(jié)果顯示： (1)本文所建立的集成檢校模型穩(wěn)定可靠。利用該檢校模型求解檢校參數(shù)時(shí),最小二乘法和均值法求解偏心角的精度相當(dāng),殘差中誤差均處在千分位上,求解偏心分量的殘差中誤差處在百分位上； (2)地面檢校場(chǎng)能夠提供高精度的檢校參數(shù),可以代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的空對(duì)地檢校場(chǎng)進(jìn)行作業(yè)。利用地面檢校場(chǎng)所獲取的檢校參數(shù)中,角元素的中誤差不大于0.02°,線元素的中誤差不大于0.2m,將該檢校參數(shù)改正到航測(cè)區(qū)域中后,可獲得檢查點(diǎn)平面中誤差小于0.3m、高程中誤差小于0.4m的精度； (3)國(guó)產(chǎn)POS用于集成傳感器定向的精度能夠滿足規(guī)范要求。將檢校后的POS數(shù)據(jù)作為初始值帶入空三進(jìn)行區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差,基本定向點(diǎn)的平面和高程中誤差不大于0.05m,檢查點(diǎn)的平而和高程中誤差不大于0.2m。
[Abstract]:The airborne POS position and Orientation system can directly obtain the external azimuth elements of the aerial instant image, so as to get rid of the dependence on the ground control points and play an important role in aerial photogrammetry. In order to convert the position and attitude elements acquired by POS system into the external orientation elements of the image, it is necessary to calibrate the position and attitude relationship when the POS is integrated with the aerial camera. It is a key technology for airborne POS to accurately calibrate the system error of multi-sensor integration. With the development of high precision POSs, digital aerial camera and inertial stabilization platform in China, it is of great practical significance to further study the calibration method of system error in multi-sensor integration. In this paper, on the basis of the strict transformation from the image space coordinate system to the photogrammetric coordinate system, the mathematical model is established by introducing the earth curvature and meridian convergence angle correction parameters, and then the least square method and the mean method are used to solve the eccentric angle, respectively. Then the coordinate residuals in the object square coordinate system are transformed into the image space coordinate system, and then the eccentric component is obtained. Finally, the original POS data is added with the error correction of the eccentric angle and the eccentric component, and the external azimuth element of the corrected photograph is solved. In order to verify the reliability of the above calibration model, the integrated calibration parameters are solved based on a series of simulated flight and aerial survey data by using ground calibration field and air-to-ground calibration field, respectively. Integrated sensor orientation and direct geographic positioning data processing-results show:. 1) the integrated calibration model established in this paper is stable and reliable. When the calibration model is used to solve the calibration parameters, the accuracy of the least square method and the mean method to solve the eccentric angle is the same, and the error in the residual error is in thousands of quartiles. The error of the residual error of the eccentric component is on the percentile. 2) the ground calibration yard can provide high precision calibration parameters, which can replace the traditional air-to-ground inspection yard. The median error of angle element is not more than 0.02 擄, and that of line element is not more than 0.2 m. After correcting the calibration parameter into the aerial survey area, the accuracy of error in the checkpoint plane is less than 0.3 m, and the error in elevation is less than 0.4 m. The precision of domestic POS for integrated sensor orientation can meet the requirements of the specification. The calibrated POS data are brought into the space three as initial values for the adjustment of the regional network. The mean error of the plane and elevation of the basic orientation point is not greater than 0.05m, and the error of the check point is not greater than 0.2m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P231;V245.6

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