發(fā)布時間：2018-03-13 09:46

  本文選題：GIS　切入點：三峽水庫　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三峽工程是舉世矚目的特大型水利工程,對庫區(qū)的水環(huán)境進行數(shù)學(xué)模擬具有十分重要的意義。近年來,地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)(GIS)有了很大的發(fā)展,通過GIS與水質(zhì)模型相結(jié)合可使水質(zhì)模型的功能有質(zhì)的飛躍。本文在收集三峽庫區(qū)尤其是香溪河大量水文水質(zhì)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了基于GIS的香溪河水質(zhì)模擬研究。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),香溪河主汛期水質(zhì)略好于非汛期,但水質(zhì)年際變化規(guī)律與其他支流相比變化不顯著。這是由于：(1)非汛期XX00～XX04站點水質(zhì)主要受回水影響,與三峽水庫的水質(zhì)保持一致；而XX05-XX09號站點的水質(zhì)較差,主要是受上游來水減少的影響,因為上游的水庫將河流的水流截留造成下游的來水量減小,從而導(dǎo)致水質(zhì)變差。(2)主汛期上游放水,下游流量增加,整條河流汛期水量較大,但是由于有大量面源污染物進入水體,所以水質(zhì)只是略好于非汛期；XX00-XX02號站點依舊由于庫區(qū)回水影響而保持與庫區(qū)水質(zhì)變化相同的趨勢。 同時,香溪河水質(zhì)主要受兩方面因素影響：河流流量變化和水庫回水量。當河流流量變大時,整個河流的流速增加,與此同時,進入香溪河的面源污染負荷增加。但是,總體來說整個河流中污染物的濃度是相對減少的,因此河流水質(zhì)隨著流量的增加而變的相對較好。水庫的回水量對香溪河水質(zhì)的影響主要體現(xiàn)在回水范圍的變化上：非汛期大壩蓄水,庫區(qū)水位抬高,回水量增加,下游受庫區(qū)回水的影響范圍增加；主汛期大壩放水,庫區(qū)水位下降,回水量減少,下游受庫區(qū)回水的影響范圍減少。 水質(zhì)模型與GIS的結(jié)合,集成了GIS的數(shù)據(jù)處理功能和水質(zhì)模型的模擬計算功能的雙重優(yōu)點,實現(xiàn)了對模型所需的大量基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)及模擬結(jié)果的存儲、編輯和管理以及對水質(zhì)模型模擬結(jié)果的可視化,使決策者更直觀地了解模擬結(jié)果。同時,利用GIS的數(shù)據(jù)處理分析功能,方便地統(tǒng)計了分析模型的計算結(jié)果,這些都為相關(guān)部門提供了有力的技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:The three Gorges Project is an extremely large water conservancy project that attracts worldwide attention. It is of great significance to simulate the water environment in the reservoir area. In recent years, the GIS technology has made great progress. Through the combination of GIS and water quality model, the function of water quality model can be improved qualitatively. On the basis of collecting a large amount of hydrological and water quality data in the three Gorges Reservoir area, especially in Xiangxi River, a simulation study of water quality of Xiangxi River based on GIS has been carried out in this paper. It is found that the water quality in the main flood season of Xiangxi River is slightly better than that in the non-flood season, but the interannual variation of water quality is not significant compared with other tributaries. This is due to the fact that the water quality of XX00~XX04 stations in non-flood season is mainly affected by backwater, which is consistent with the water quality of the three Gorges Reservoir. The water quality of XX05-XX09 station is poor, which is mainly affected by the decrease of upstream water inflow, because the upstream reservoir intercepts the flow of water in the river and results in the decrease of the downstream water inflow, which leads to the deterioration of water quality in the upper reaches of the main flood season and the increase of the downstream flow. The whole river has a large amount of water in flood season, but due to a large number of non-source pollutants entering into the water body, the water quality is only slightly better than that in non-flood season, and still keeps the same trend as the change of water quality in the reservoir area due to the backwater effect in the reservoir area. At the same time, the water quality of the Xiangxi River is mainly affected by two factors: the variation of the river discharge and the return water of the reservoir. When the discharge of the river becomes larger, the velocity of the whole river increases, at the same time, the non-point source pollution load into the Xiangxi River increases. Overall, the concentration of pollutants in the entire river is relatively low, Therefore, the water quality of the river changes relatively well with the increase of the discharge. The effect of the return water volume of the reservoir on the water quality of the Xiangxi River is mainly reflected in the change of the backwater range: the dam is stored in the non-flood season, the water level in the reservoir area is raised, and the backwater volume increases. In the main flood season, the water level of the reservoir decreases, the amount of the backwater decreases, and the range of the downstream affected by the backwater of the reservoir decreases. The combination of water quality model and GIS integrates the dual advantages of the data processing function of GIS and the simulation calculation function of water quality model, and realizes the storage of a large number of basic data and simulation results required by the model. Edit and manage and visualize the simulation results of water quality model, so that the decision-makers can understand the simulation results more intuitively. At the same time, using the data processing and analysis function of GIS, the calculation results of the analysis model are counted conveniently. All these provide strong technical support for the relevant departments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;X824

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