本文選題：鹽漬土區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：耕地是土地的精華，是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可替代的重要生產(chǎn)資料，是保持社會(huì)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要資源。保護(hù)耕地是我們的基本國(guó)策之一，因此，通過(guò)耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)及時(shí)掌握耕地資源的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量及其變化對(duì)于合理規(guī)劃和利用耕地，切實(shí)保護(hù)耕地有十分重要的意義。黃河三角洲是近百年來(lái)黃河淤積形成的新陸地，是典型的生態(tài)交錯(cuò)帶，受河流、陸地、海洋多種動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的作用，地下水埋藏淺且礦化度高，地下鹽分易升至地表，導(dǎo)致土壤鹽漬化，鹽堿荒地廣泛分布。該區(qū)土地廣闊，但生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱，是典型的濱海鹽漬土區(qū)。因此，進(jìn)行黃河三角洲鹽漬土區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)是十分必要。同時(shí)，由于在空間上不同區(qū)域間的自然和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)都存在巨大的差異，無(wú)法形成通用的具有普適性的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，因此，本研究通過(guò)對(duì)黃河三角洲典型鹽漬土區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)，探討建立針對(duì)鹽漬土區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。 在GIS和RS技術(shù)的支持下，本研究以墾利縣為研究區(qū)，利用土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、土壤圖及行政區(qū)劃圖疊置分析確定評(píng)價(jià)單元6812個(gè)，選取立地條件、化學(xué)性狀和物理性狀3個(gè)方面11個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子，建立耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系及模型。采取專家打分的方法確定各評(píng)價(jià)因子的隸屬函數(shù)，運(yùn)用層次分析法和模糊數(shù)學(xué)方法對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，并對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果及空間分布進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，以進(jìn)一步了解鹽漬土區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量狀況。本文取得的主要成果如下： (1)根據(jù)空間插值結(jié)果，用ArcMap設(shè)計(jì)編制了耕地土壤養(yǎng)分分級(jí)圖，，并對(duì)各種養(yǎng)分的空間分布與變異特征進(jìn)行分析。 (2)研究了建立適宜鹽漬土區(qū)的耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。 (3)根據(jù)墾利縣耕地質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)，結(jié)合墾利縣實(shí)際情況，將墾利縣耕地質(zhì)量劃為6個(gè)等級(jí)，并采用ArcGIS軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算各等級(jí)耕地的面積，最后繪制墾利縣耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)專題圖。其中一級(jí)地2906.95hm~2，占耕地面積的6.99%，二級(jí)地10272.87hm~2，占24.7%，三級(jí)地12448.19hm~2，占29.93%，四級(jí)地9856.68hm~2，占23.7%，五級(jí)地5229.24hm2，占12.57%，六級(jí)地877.1hm~2，占2.11%。等級(jí)劃分結(jié)果客觀反映了當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?shí)際情況。根據(jù)各等地實(shí)際情況，提出了一套適合各等級(jí)地的改良措施。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land, an irreplaceable important means of production for agricultural production, and an important resource for maintaining the sustainable development of society and the national economy. It is very important to grasp the quantity, quality and changes of cultivated land resources through the evaluation of cultivated land quality for the rational planning and utilization of cultivated land and to protect cultivated land. The Yellow River Delta is a new land formed by the deposition of the Yellow River in the last hundred years. It is a typical ecotone, which is affected by many dynamic systems of river, land and ocean. The groundwater is shallow buried and has high salinity, and the salt content in underground is easy to rise to the surface, which leads to soil salinization and widespread distribution of saline-alkali wasteland. But the ecological environment is fragile and it is a typical coastal saline soil area. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the cultivated land quality in the saline soil area of the Yellow River Delta. It is impossible to form a universal evaluation index system. Therefore, through the evaluation of cultivated land quality in typical saline soil areas of the Yellow River Delta, the evaluation index system for cultivated land quality in saline soil areas is discussed. With the support of GIS and RS technology, this study took Kenli County as the study area, using land use status map, soil map and administrative division map to determine 6812 evaluation units, and selecting site conditions. The evaluation system and model of cultivated land quality were established by 11 evaluation factors in 3 aspects of chemical and physical characters. The membership function of each evaluation factor was determined by the method of expert scoring. The comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land quality is carried out by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics, and the evaluation results and spatial distribution are compared and analyzed in order to further understand the cultivated land quality in saline soil areas. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows:. 1) according to the results of spatial interpolation, the soil nutrient classification map of cultivated land was compiled by ArcMap design, and the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of all kinds of nutrients were analyzed. 2) the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality suitable for saline soil area is studied. According to the comprehensive index of cultivated land quality in Kenli County and the actual situation in Kenli County, the cultivated land quality in Kenli County is divided into 6 grades, and the area of cultivated land of each grade is calculated by ArcGIS software. Finally, the thematic map of cultivated land quality grade in Kenli County was drawn. Among them, 2906.95hmmm-2 in the first grade, 2 in the area of cultivated land 6.99, 10272.87hmmm-2 in the second grade, 12448.19hmm2 in the third grade, 29.933 in the third grade, 9856.68hm2in the fourth grade, 23.7hm2in the fifth grade, 5229.24hm2in the fifth grade, 12.577,877.1hmm-2 in the sixth grade, and 2.11o. According to the actual situation of each class, A set of improvement measures suitable for each grade of land is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TP79;P208;F301.2

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