發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 12:41

  本文選題：數(shù)字高程模型DEM　切入點：重力地形影響　出處：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)不斷向前發(fā)展,空間信息化測繪步入大數(shù)據(jù)時代。隨著SRTM、ASTER-GDEM、World DEM等全球高分辨率數(shù)字高程模型的相繼問世,地球重力場與垂直基準(zhǔn)領(lǐng)域得到了革命性的變革與長足的發(fā)展,其中,利用高分辨率DEM計算重力地形影響已成為當(dāng)前的熱門研究領(lǐng)域。本文基于地形位理論,利用高分辨率DEM數(shù)據(jù)通過棱柱積分離散求和快速算法計算了重力地形影響,進而確定區(qū)域大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距。論文的主要內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下:(1 )詳細介紹了當(dāng)前應(yīng)用最廣范的三款全球DEM產(chǎn)品,包括90米分辨率的SRTM、30米分辨率的ASTER-GDEM V2以及當(dāng)前世界最高分辨率12米的World DEM;在左手坐標(biāo)系中,基于牛頓萬有引力公式,對棱柱體所產(chǎn)生的引力位及引力公式做了詳細推導(dǎo),最后給出了實用公式,并討論了公式中無定義點的處理方法;探討了地形位積分離散求和快速算法,使利用高分辨率DEM計算重力地形影響的運算在普通計算機上實現(xiàn)成為可能,也有力保證了足夠長的積分半徑。(2)系統(tǒng)性地闡述了精密高程系統(tǒng)基本理論,討論了幾何(水準(zhǔn))定義與物理(重力位)定義的正常高差距其實很小,基于重力位理論得出最終結(jié)論:大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距其實并不大。(3)完整分析了基于地形位理論的大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距的精密計算方法,利用高分辨率DEM計算重力地形影響,最重要的是對地面重力作地形改正,而本文在考慮此點的基礎(chǔ)上,在垂線上平均重力的求取中考慮了被忽略的大地水準(zhǔn)面之上的地形體在垂線上所產(chǎn)生的的平均重力,而此項可由棱柱積分法求得的地形位導(dǎo)出,進而導(dǎo)出大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距的精密計算公式。(4)開發(fā)了大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距計算軟件,對試驗區(qū)分別采用傳統(tǒng)方法和精密方法進行了測試,結(jié)果顯示:基于地形位理論利用高分辨率DEM顧及地形重力影響計算得到大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距在振幅、坡度以及光滑性方面都更接近物理現(xiàn)實,在山峰處的效果尤為明顯,傳統(tǒng)方法得到的兩面間距高達近40厘米,而精密方法得到的兩面差距只有24厘米;精密公式中,DEM分辨率的高低直接決定了大地水準(zhǔn)面與似大地水準(zhǔn)面間距的精度,因此,重力地形影響的計算必須采用高分辨率DEM來進行地形模擬;對于低海拔地勢平坦地區(qū),傳統(tǒng)公式與精密公式的計算結(jié)果精度相當(dāng)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of science and technology, space information mapping has stepped into the era of big data. With the advent of global high-resolution digital elevation models such as SRTM TM, ASTER-GDEMN World DEM and so on, The field of earth gravity field and vertical datum has been revolutionized and developed greatly. Among them, it has become a hot research field to use high-resolution DEM to calculate the influence of gravity topography. The influence of gravity topography is calculated by using the prism integral discrete summation fast algorithm using high-resolution DEM data. Furthermore, the distance between regional geoid and quasi geoid is determined. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the three most widely used global DEM products are introduced in detail. It includes the ASTER-GDEM V2 with a 30-meter resolution of 90 m resolution and World DEM with the highest resolution of 12 m in the world at present. In the left-hand coordinate system, the gravitational potential and gravitational formula generated by the prism are derived in detail based on Newton's universal gravity formula. Finally, the practical formula is given, and the processing method of undefined points in the formula is discussed, and the fast algorithm of discrete summation of terrain potential integral is discussed, which makes it possible to use high resolution DEM to calculate the influence of gravity terrain on a common computer. The fundamental theory of precision elevation system is systematically expounded, and it is discussed that the normal height difference between the definition of geometry (leveling) and the definition of physical (gravity potential) is very small. Based on the theory of gravity potential, the final conclusion is drawn: the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is not large. (3) the precise calculation method of the distance between geoid and quasi geoid based on topographic potential theory is analyzed. Using high-resolution DEM to calculate the influence of gravity topography, the most important thing is to make topographic correction to the gravity of the ground. In this paper, based on the consideration of this point, The average gravity generated by a body above the neglected geoid on the vertical line is taken into account in the calculation of the mean gravity on the vertical line, which can be derived from the topographic potential obtained by the prism integration method. Furthermore, the precise formula for calculating the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is derived. (4) the software for calculating the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is developed, and the traditional method and precision method are used to test the test area. The results show that the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is closer to physical reality in amplitude, slope and smoothness by using high-resolution DEM to take into account the influence of terrain gravity based on topographic position theory, and the results show that the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is closer to physical reality. The effect is especially obvious at the peak. The distance between the two sides obtained by the traditional method is as high as 40 cm, but the gap between the two sides by the precision method is only 24 cm. The precision of the distance between geoid and quasi geoid is directly determined by the resolution of Dem in the precision formula. Therefore, the influence of gravity terrain must be simulated by high resolution DEM. The accuracy of the traditional formula is equivalent to that of the precision formula.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P208

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