發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-10 05:22

  本文選題：水庫　切入點(diǎn)：地理信息系統(tǒng)　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水庫與人們的生產(chǎn)生活緊密相連，它在預(yù)防洪水、作物灌溉、提供生產(chǎn)生活用水等方面的作用巨大，保障了人們的正常生產(chǎn)生活。研究降雨對(duì)水庫水量變化的影響，可以科學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)一場(chǎng)降雨對(duì)水庫庫容的增加量，結(jié)合水庫自身情況進(jìn)行運(yùn)行分析，為災(zāi)害發(fā)生前的洪水預(yù)警、淹沒面積、險(xiǎn)情調(diào)度等提供決策依據(jù)，為水庫的長期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行提供強(qiáng)有力的保障。 近年來，在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)下，地理信息系統(tǒng)、遙感等技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，為以物理學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的分布式水文模型的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。分布式水文模型以遙感、雷達(dá)等方式獲取流域空間分布的信息數(shù)據(jù)，依據(jù)地理要素對(duì)水文過程的影響機(jī)制，將流域內(nèi)具有特定自然地理要素特征和水文特性的部分視為一個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體，將流域劃分為多個(gè)小的流域?qū)λ倪^程進(jìn)行計(jì)算，最后根據(jù)流域空間分布格局及水文過程的機(jī)制將各小流域聯(lián)合，通過疊加計(jì)算得到整個(gè)流域的水文過程。這種具有物理基礎(chǔ)的分布式水文模型理論清晰，能夠客觀全面的描述水文響應(yīng)機(jī)制，被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種水文過程的研究中。 本文選取鄭州市常莊水庫作為研究區(qū)域，對(duì)水庫的產(chǎn)匯流過程進(jìn)行研究。常莊水庫是鄭州市區(qū)供水儲(chǔ)備水源地之一，位于鄭州西郊，下游為鄭州市區(qū)，水庫四周發(fā)電廠、水廠等廠礦和交通干線眾多，地理位置十分重要。作為中原經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的中心城市，近年來鄭州市區(qū)發(fā)展迅速，供用水矛盾日益突出，水庫在防洪和城市應(yīng)急供水方面的作用日漸顯著。 論文以分布式水文模型為基礎(chǔ)，以常莊水庫控制流域的數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)和水庫水文站實(shí)測(cè)的降雨量數(shù)據(jù)為原數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建流域產(chǎn)匯流模型系統(tǒng)，，分析模擬庫區(qū)降雨的產(chǎn)匯流過程。 首先論述分布式水文模型的概況，闡明所構(gòu)建的產(chǎn)匯流模型的理論和計(jì)算方法。其中選用SCS產(chǎn)流模型來模擬計(jì)算流域的產(chǎn)流量，子流域的匯流過程則選用SCS的無因次單位線方法來進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算，對(duì)流域內(nèi)河道匯流的模擬計(jì)算選用馬斯京根法。其次，通過ArcGIS的水文分析模塊從DEM中提取常莊水庫流域的數(shù)字河網(wǎng)，并將流域分割成22個(gè)子流域，提取模型所需的河網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。用坡度分析工具從DEM數(shù)據(jù)中提取坡度數(shù)據(jù)并根據(jù)各子流域范圍統(tǒng)計(jì)分析平均坡度。用插值分析工具對(duì)各水文站監(jiān)測(cè)的降雨數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行插值分析并統(tǒng)計(jì)分析各子流域?qū)?yīng)的平均降雨量。應(yīng)用分析所得數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)各模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定，確定各模型所需要的參數(shù)值。 選取2001-2003年間的十場(chǎng)降雨進(jìn)行模擬，并對(duì)模擬結(jié)果選用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行精度評(píng)價(jià)，通過模擬精度判斷模型的實(shí)用性。結(jié)果表明模型模擬的合格率在70%以上，模擬所得的流量過程線和實(shí)測(cè)情況大致吻合。 對(duì)水庫降雨產(chǎn)匯流過程的準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)，是水庫進(jìn)行防洪調(diào)度、興利調(diào)度的決策依據(jù)，有助于人們?cè)谘雌跁r(shí)對(duì)洪水過程進(jìn)行預(yù)報(bào)，提前設(shè)計(jì)解決方案，預(yù)防決堤、潰壩等災(zāi)害事故的發(fā)生；同時(shí)儲(chǔ)蓄洪水，保障非汛期水庫興利水源的充足提供。
[Abstract]:The reservoir with people's production and life are closely linked, it is in flood prevention, irrigation, water for production and life and other aspects of the enormous effect, guarantee the normal production and life of people. The influence of rainfall on the change of water reservoir, can a scientific prediction of rainfall on reservoir capacity increase, combined with their own situation to reservoir operation analysis and for flood warning, before the disaster of the inundated area, provide decision basis for danger scheduling, provide a powerful guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the reservoir.
In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology, geographic information system, remote sensing technology rapid development, the emergence and development of distributed hydrological model based on physics technology has laid a solid foundation. The distributed hydrological model based on remote sensing data, obtaining information in spatial distribution of radar etc., based on the influence mechanism of geographical elements on the hydrological process, the basin has a specific natural geographical characteristics and hydrological characteristics of the part as an independent individual, dividing the basin into a plurality of small watershed was calculated on the hydrological process, according to the mechanism of distribution pattern and hydrological process of space will unite the small watershed, by superimposing the hydrologic calculation process the whole basin theory. Such a distributed hydrological model with physical basis is clear, can describe the hydrological response mechanism comprehensively and objectively, is widely used In the study of various hydrological processes.
This paper selects Changzhuang reservoir in Zhengzhou city as the study area, study on runoff process of the reservoir. Changzhuang reservoir is one of the Zhengzhou city water reserve water source, located in the western suburbs of Zhengzhou, downstream of Zhengzhou City, around the reservoir power plant, water plant and other industrial and transportation routes for many, the geographical position is very important. As the central city of Central Plains the economic zone, in recent years the rapid development of Zhengzhou City, water supply and demand have become increasingly prominent, the role of the reservoir in flood control and emergency water supply in the city is more and more obvious.
Based on the distributed hydrological model, taking the digital elevation model (DEM) of Chang Zhuang reservoir control basin and the rainfall data measured at the reservoir hydrologic station as the raw data, the watershed runoff and runoff concentration model system is constructed, and the runoff generation and confluence process in the simulated reservoir area is analyzed.
First discusses the overview of distributed hydrological model, theory and calculation method of runoff model is constructed. To clarify the SCS runoff model to simulate runoff calculation of watershed runoff process, sub basin with SCS the dimensionless unit hydrograph method to simulate the calculation and Simulation of river basin runoff calculation by Ma Muskingum method. Secondly, through the hydrological analysis module of ArcGIS extraction Changzhuang reservoir basin from DEM in the digital network, and the basin is divided into 22 sub basins, river network data extraction model is required. The tool to extract slope data from DEM data and statistical analysis according to the scope of each sub basin average slope by slope analysis analysis. Tools of the rainfall monitoring data interpolation analysis and statistical analysis of the average rainfall of thesubwatershed by interpolation. Application analysis of the model parameters of the data The rate is determined and the parameters required for each model are determined.
Select the ten rainfall in 2001-2003 years was simulated, and the simulation results to choose the appropriate method to evaluate the accuracy and precision of simulation by judging the practicability of the model. The results showed that the qualified rate of the model is above 70%, the flow hydrograph simulation results and the actual situation by agreement.
For the accurate prediction of rainfall runoff process of the reservoir, is a reservoir flood control scheduling, scheduling decision, to help people in the flood season of flood forecasting, advance design solutions, prevention of disasters such as dam breaching of the dike, accidents and flood protection; saving, non enough to provide a reservoir in flood season good water.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P343.3

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本文編號(hào)：1591951