本文選題：圣安德烈斯斷層及其鄰域　切入點(diǎn)：GPS　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：GPS(全球定位系統(tǒng))測(cè)量技術(shù)能夠快速、準(zhǔn)確地提供測(cè)站點(diǎn)的精確三維坐標(biāo)等信息,以高精度、全天候、準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)等顯著特點(diǎn)在地學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)得到愈來(lái)愈廣泛的應(yīng)用,可為監(jiān)測(cè)全球及區(qū)域地殼形變、應(yīng)變特征研究提供多尺度的高精度監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。本文針對(duì)圣安德烈斯斷層特殊的大陸構(gòu)造位置,其受到太平洋板塊與北美板塊共同作用。區(qū)域內(nèi)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,地震活動(dòng)頻繁,使其成為地球表面最長(zhǎng)、最活躍的構(gòu)造斷層帶,是國(guó)際地學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域,在強(qiáng)震趨勢(shì)性判斷研究中也具有較強(qiáng)的代表性。因此,利用該區(qū)域多期高精度GPS監(jiān)測(cè)資料,獲取區(qū)域高精度GPS運(yùn)動(dòng)速度場(chǎng),并基于此研究了區(qū)域地殼應(yīng)變特征,分析了強(qiáng)震活動(dòng)與地殼形變應(yīng)變特征的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,對(duì)于掌握區(qū)域現(xiàn)今地殼構(gòu)造活動(dòng)與災(zāi)害動(dòng)力學(xué)成因機(jī)制具有重要的理論與參考價(jià)值。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:1、本文基于圣安德烈斯斷層及其鄰域2010~2015年五期最新高精度GPS監(jiān)測(cè)資料,利用GAMIT/GLOBK高精度數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件,采用高精度數(shù)據(jù)處理策略,分別獲取了全球ITRF2005框架及相對(duì)于北美板塊基準(zhǔn)下的高精度地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)速度場(chǎng),掌握了研究區(qū)域現(xiàn)今地殼構(gòu)造形變特征。2、通過(guò)對(duì)比分析不同參考基準(zhǔn)下區(qū)域水平速度場(chǎng)得出:ITRF2005框架下圣安德烈斯斷層及其鄰域地殼整體朝西偏北方向運(yùn)動(dòng),在帝王谷和莫哈維段速度由南向北呈順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)趨勢(shì),斷層以北運(yùn)動(dòng)速率較小,以南運(yùn)動(dòng)速率較大,主要原因可能是其位于太平洋板塊與北美板塊交界處,受太平洋板塊西北向的擠壓,導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域GPS臺(tái)站整體朝西偏北方向運(yùn)動(dòng);扣除北美板塊背景場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)后,研究區(qū)域整體速度值較小,位于斷層西南側(cè)靠近太平洋板塊區(qū)域速度則較高,位于斷層北部的北美板塊上測(cè)站速度相對(duì)較低,由此反映出研究區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異構(gòu)造形變特征。3、在獲得研究域地殼水平速度場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步采用球面最小二乘配置法計(jì)算獲取了研究區(qū)域地殼應(yīng)變特征參數(shù),并探討了區(qū)域地震活動(dòng)與地殼形變應(yīng)變特征的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)變高值區(qū)沿圣安德烈斯斷層呈顯著線(xiàn)狀分布特征,以主壓應(yīng)變?yōu)橹?應(yīng)變率量值呈現(xiàn)西強(qiáng)東弱的差異性特點(diǎn)。主壓應(yīng)變高值區(qū)主要位于文圖拉盆地和索爾頓湖附近。根據(jù)地震資料記載,本文進(jìn)一步揭示出區(qū)域內(nèi)應(yīng)變率高值區(qū)也是中強(qiáng)地震的頻發(fā)區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:GPS (Global Positioning system) measurement technology can quickly and accurately provide accurate three-dimensional coordinate information of the survey site. It has been more and more widely used in the field of geoscience with the remarkable characteristics of high precision, all-weather, quasi-real-time and so on. It can be used to monitor global and regional crustal deformation and strain characteristics with high precision data. This paper deals with the special continental tectonic location of the San Andreas fault. It is subjected to the interaction of the Pacific plate and the North American plate. The complex geological structure and frequent seismic activity make it the longest and most active tectonic fault zone on the earth's surface. Therefore, using the multi-period and high-precision GPS monitoring data, the velocity field of regional high-precision GPS motion is obtained, based on which the crustal strain characteristics of the region are studied. The relationship between strong earthquake activity and crustal deformation and strain characteristics is analyzed. It has important theoretical and reference value for mastering the mechanism of crustal tectonic activity and disaster dynamics in the region. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1. Based on the San Andreas fault and its adjacent regions, the fifth issue of 2010 ~ 2015 is the latest in this paper. High precision GPS monitoring data, Using the GAMIT/GLOBK high precision data processing software and the high precision data processing strategy, the global ITRF2005 frame and the high precision crustal movement velocity field relative to the North American plate datum are obtained, respectively. The characteristics of present crustal tectonic deformation in the studied region are mastered. By comparing and analyzing the regional horizontal velocity field under different reference datum, it is concluded that the San Andreas fault and its adjacent crust move northwestward under the framework of the 10 ~ (th) ITRF2005. In the monarch valley and Mojave section, the velocity rotates clockwise from south to north, the movement rate is small in the north of the fault and the velocity in the south is larger. The main reason may be that it is located at the junction of the Pacific plate and the North American plate. Due to the northwestern compression of the Pacific plate, the whole GPS station in the region moves northwestward, and after deducting the background motion of the North American plate, the overall velocity of the studied region is relatively small. On the southwest side of the fault near the Pacific plate, the velocity is relatively high, and the North American plate located in the north of the fault has a relatively low velocity. This reflects the characteristics of differential tectonic deformation within the studied region. Based on the horizontal velocity field of the crustal in the study area, the crustal strain characteristic parameters of the studied region are obtained by using the spherical least square collocation method. The relationship between regional seismicity and crustal deformation and strain characteristics is also discussed. The results show that the high strain region has a remarkable linear distribution along the San Andreas fault, and the principal compressive strain is the main strain. The strain rate values show the difference between the east and the west. The high value area of the principal compressive strain is mainly located near the Ventura basin and Lake Solton. According to the seismic data, This paper further reveals that the high value region of strain rate is also the frequent region of moderate earthquakes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P228.4;P542

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