本文選題：村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地　切入點：水質(zhì)　出處：《揚州大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在我國農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展進程中,由于人為的疏忽,許多村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地受到破壞,導(dǎo)致水量減少、水質(zhì)下降,飲水安全受到威脅。村鎮(zhèn)飲水安全主要受水源地水質(zhì)、水量、水處理工藝和配水系統(tǒng)的制約。由于起步晚、缺乏經(jīng)費等原因,村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源保護工作相對滯后,使得加強水源地水質(zhì)保護變得尤為重要。解決村鎮(zhèn)飲水安全問題,首先需要實時、準確地掌握水質(zhì)動態(tài),對水質(zhì)監(jiān)測并進行合理的水質(zhì)評價,這是飲用水源規(guī)劃、管理及其保護的重要內(nèi)容,也是保障村鎮(zhèn)飲水安全的關(guān)鍵。 本文根據(jù)我國村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源的基本情況,構(gòu)建了村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地水質(zhì)評價體系；選定村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源典型水源地,調(diào)查相關(guān)水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合GIS技術(shù),建立村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地地理信息系統(tǒng),用以繪制水質(zhì)時空分布可視化圖；通過水質(zhì)評價方法對比分析,選擇單因子指數(shù)法和綜合評價指數(shù)法進行水質(zhì)時空變化評價,研究水質(zhì)分布規(guī)律及識別污染的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域,并運用SPSS19.0軟件對水質(zhì)狀況及關(guān)鍵指標濃度與影響因子進行Pearson相關(guān)性分析,識別水質(zhì)的主要影響因子。 經(jīng)評價分析,本文得到如下主要結(jié)論： (1)采用單因子指數(shù)法、綜合評價指數(shù)法和模糊綜合評判法進行實例對比評價,結(jié)果表明：單因子指數(shù)法主要突出污染最為嚴重的因子對水質(zhì)的影響,對于綜合水質(zhì)評價則顯得比較保守；綜合評價指數(shù)法和模糊綜合評判法都綜合考慮了多種水質(zhì)因子的影響,評價結(jié)果較單因子指數(shù)法更為接近水質(zhì)的客觀情況,但綜合評價指數(shù)法相對于模糊綜合評判法計算簡單、易于操作,所以比較適合應(yīng)用于村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地水質(zhì)評價。 (2)運用單因子指數(shù)法和綜合評價指數(shù)法對我國130個典型村鎮(zhèn)河流型、湖庫型飲用水源地2010～2012年水質(zhì)進行時空變化評價,結(jié)果表明：河流型水質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢,而湖庫型水質(zhì)出現(xiàn)惡化傾向；河流型水質(zhì)季節(jié)性分明,夏季水質(zhì)較好,秋冬季次之,春季最差,而湖庫型水質(zhì)季節(jié)變化不明顯；水質(zhì)空間分布具有一定的差異性,在人口密集、工業(yè)較發(fā)達的地區(qū),水質(zhì)相對較差。 (3)水質(zhì)狀況及關(guān)鍵指標濃度與影響因子的相關(guān)性分析表明：村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地水質(zhì)受降水量影響不大；在社會因素方面,村鎮(zhèn)人口密度小,對水質(zhì)影響小,而村鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對水質(zhì)影響較為顯著,村鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)廢水排放、農(nóng)業(yè)面源為主要污染源；在土地利用類型方面,耕地面積比重、林地面積比重與水質(zhì)明顯相關(guān),說明土地利用類型對村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源水質(zhì)有著一定的影響。 本文的水質(zhì)評價體系及GIS技術(shù)的應(yīng)用可為研究村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源地水質(zhì)狀況及其時空變化規(guī)律提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐,研究結(jié)果可為了解我國村鎮(zhèn)飲用水源現(xiàn)狀及水質(zhì)主要影響因子提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the process of social and economic development in rural areas of China, due to human negligence, many villages and towns drinking water sources have been destroyed, resulting in a decrease in water quantity, a decline in water quality and a threat to drinking water safety. The drinking water security of villages and towns is mainly affected by the water quality and quantity of water from the source areas. The restriction of water treatment process and water distribution system. Due to the late start and lack of funds, the protection of drinking water source in villages and towns lags behind, which makes it particularly important to strengthen the water quality protection of water source areas, so as to solve the problem of drinking water safety in villages and towns. First of all, it is necessary to grasp water quality dynamics in real time and accurately, monitor water quality and evaluate water quality reasonably, which is an important content of drinking water source planning, management and protection, and is also the key to ensure drinking water safety in villages and towns. According to the basic situation of drinking water sources in villages and towns in China, the water quality evaluation system of drinking water sources in villages and towns is constructed, the typical drinking water sources of villages and towns are selected, the relevant water quality data are investigated, and GIS technology is used. The geographical information system of drinking water source in villages and towns was established to draw the visualization map of water quality distribution in time and space, and through the comparison and analysis of water quality evaluation methods, the single factor index method and the comprehensive evaluation index method were selected to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes of water quality. The distribution law of water quality and the key areas of pollution identification were studied. The Pearson correlation analysis of water quality status, concentration of key index and influencing factors was carried out by using SPSS19.0 software to identify the main influencing factors of water quality. Through evaluation and analysis, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:. 1) the single factor index method, the comprehensive evaluation index method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to compare and evaluate the water quality. The results show that the single factor index method mainly highlights the influence of the most seriously polluted factors on the water quality. The comprehensive evaluation index method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method both consider the influence of various water quality factors, and the evaluation results are closer to the objective situation of water quality than the single factor index method. However, compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the comprehensive evaluation index method is simple and easy to operate, so it is more suitable for the evaluation of drinking water quality in villages and towns. (2) using single factor index method and comprehensive evaluation index method, the water quality of 130 typical villages and towns in China was evaluated in time and space from 2010 to 2012. The results showed that the water quality of river type showed a trend of improvement. However, the lake and reservoir water quality tends to deteriorate, the river type water quality is seasonal, the summer water quality is better, autumn and winter is the second, spring is the worst, but the lake and reservoir type water quality seasonal change is not obvious, the water quality spatial distribution has certain difference, in the population density, In the more developed industrial areas, the water quality is relatively poor. 3) the correlation analysis of water quality status and the concentration of key index and influencing factors shows that the water quality of drinking water source in villages and towns is not affected by precipitation, and the population density in villages and towns is small, which has little influence on water quality. The development of village and town economy has a significant impact on water quality. The discharge of wastewater from village and town enterprises and agricultural non-point source are the main pollution sources. In the area of land use, the proportion of cultivated land area and forest land area is obviously related to the water quality. It shows that the land use type has a certain influence on the drinking water quality of villages and towns. The application of water quality evaluation system and GIS technology in this paper can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the study of the water quality of drinking water source in villages and towns and its temporal and spatial variation law. The results can provide a basis for understanding the current situation of drinking water sources in villages and towns in China and the main influencing factors of water quality.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;TU991.21

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