本文選題：GPS　切入點(diǎn)：動(dòng)態(tài)變形監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對(duì)大型結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物進(jìn)行變形監(jiān)測(cè)是把握其在施工運(yùn)營(yíng)階段穩(wěn)定性的必要措施,GPS由于定位精度高,測(cè)站之間無需通視,全天候觀測(cè),自動(dòng)化程度高等優(yōu)勢(shì),己成為當(dāng)今最先進(jìn)、使用最廣泛的變形監(jiān)測(cè)手段之一。在變形監(jiān)測(cè)中,一般基線長(zhǎng)度較短,電離層延遲等公共誤差可以通過差分技術(shù)消除,但多路徑效應(yīng)在基線兩端不具有相關(guān)性,無法通過差分技術(shù)消除,因此多路徑效應(yīng)是制約GPS變形監(jiān)測(cè)精度的關(guān)鍵因素之一。針對(duì)此問題,本文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究： (1)研究了GPS多路徑效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,對(duì)GPS載波相位多路徑效應(yīng)的影響幅值、影響頻率等特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析。 (2)對(duì)比了多路徑效應(yīng)周日重復(fù)性周期的幾種計(jì)算方法,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,廣播星歷法、互相關(guān)系數(shù)最大法及均方根誤差最小法三種方法計(jì)算得到的多路徑效應(yīng)周期具有一致性,采用實(shí)際計(jì)算得到的多路徑重復(fù)周期進(jìn)行恒星日濾波結(jié)果要優(yōu)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)恒星時(shí)周期。 (3)針對(duì)GPS高頻動(dòng)態(tài)變形監(jiān)測(cè)中多路徑效應(yīng)誤差存在很強(qiáng)的時(shí)間相關(guān)性的特點(diǎn),給出一種基于一階高斯馬爾科夫過程的觀測(cè)噪聲函數(shù)模型估計(jì)方法,并推出基于此模型的擴(kuò)充狀態(tài)向量法和相鄰時(shí)間組差法兩種改進(jìn)卡爾曼濾波方法,分別采用這兩種方法及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卡爾曼濾波處理一組GPS模擬動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明這兩種改進(jìn)方法的去噪效果均優(yōu)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卡爾曼濾波法,均能有效地削弱多路徑效應(yīng)的影響,提高定位精度。 (4)提出了基于小波與PCA相結(jié)合的GPS噪聲改正方法。該方法先通過小波對(duì)坐標(biāo)序列進(jìn)行多尺度分解,對(duì)高頻部分進(jìn)行閡值化處理,削弱高頻隨機(jī)噪聲,再采用PCA方法對(duì)相關(guān)性較強(qiáng)的多路徑效應(yīng)進(jìn)行提取和消除。實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,該組合方法能有效地削弱多路徑效應(yīng)及高頻隨機(jī)噪聲,較單一濾波方法具有一定的優(yōu)越性。圖28幅,表12個(gè),參考文獻(xiàn)61篇。
[Abstract]:Deformation monitoring of large structural buildings is a necessary measure to grasp its stability in construction and operation. GPS has become the most advanced because of its high positioning accuracy, no need for common viewing between stations, all-weather observation, high degree of automation, and so on. One of the most widely used deformation monitoring methods. In deformation monitoring, common errors such as short baseline length, ionospheric delay and other common errors can be eliminated by differential technique, but the multipath effect is not relevant at both ends of the baseline. The multipath effect is one of the key factors that restrict the accuracy of GPS deformation monitoring. In order to solve this problem, this paper mainly studies the following aspects:. 1) the mechanism of GPS multipath effect is studied, and the influence of GPS carrier phase multipath effect on amplitude and frequency is analyzed systematically. The experimental results show that the multipath effect periods calculated by the broadcast ephemeris method, the maximum correlation number method and the root mean square error method are consistent. The calculated multipath repeated period is better than the standard star time period for star day filtering. In view of the strong time correlation of the multipath effect error in the dynamic deformation monitoring of GPS, a method for estimating the observation noise function model based on the first-order Gao Si Markov process is presented. Two improved Kalman filtering methods, the extended state vector method based on this model and the adjacent time component difference method, are presented. The two methods and the standard Kalman filter are used to process a set of GPS simulation dynamic data respectively, and the results are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the two improved methods are better than the standard Kalman filter, which can effectively reduce the effect of the multipath effect and improve the positioning accuracy. (4) A method of GPS noise correction based on wavelet and PCA is proposed. Firstly, the coordinate sequence is decomposed by wavelet, and the high frequency part is treated with threshold value, which weakens the random noise of high frequency. Then the PCA method is used to extract and eliminate the multipath effect which has strong correlation. The analysis of the measured data shows that the combined method can effectively reduce the multipath effect and the high frequency random noise. Compared with the single filtering method, there are 28 figs, 12 tables and 61 references.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4;TU196.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張波,黃勁松,蘇林;利用信噪比削弱GPS多路徑效應(yīng)的研究[J];測(cè)繪科學(xué);2003年03期

2 鐘萍;袁林果;丁曉利;;GPS多路徑重復(fù)性試驗(yàn)研究[J];測(cè)繪科學(xué);2010年02期

3 胡國(guó)榮,歐吉坤;改進(jìn)的高動(dòng)態(tài)GPS定位自適應(yīng)卡爾曼濾波方法[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);1999年04期

4 黃丁發(fā),丁曉利,陳永奇,龔濤,熊永良;GPS多路徑效應(yīng)影響與結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的小波濾波篩分研究[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2001年01期

5 楊元喜,何海波,徐天河;論動(dòng)態(tài)自適應(yīng)濾波[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2001年04期

6 楊元喜,崔先強(qiáng);動(dòng)態(tài)定位有色噪聲影響函數(shù)——以一階AR模型為例[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2003年01期

7 袁林果,黃丁發(fā),丁曉利,熊永良,鐘萍,李成鋼;GPS載波相位測(cè)量中的信號(hào)多路徑效應(yīng)影響研究[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2004年03期

8 鐘萍,丁曉利,鄭大偉;CVVF方法用于GPS多路徑效應(yīng)的研究[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2005年02期

9 戴吾蛟;丁曉利;朱建軍;陳永奇;李志偉;;基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ椒纸獾臑V波去噪法及其在GPS多路徑效應(yīng)中的應(yīng)用[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期

10 宋迎春;朱建軍;陳正陽;;動(dòng)態(tài)定位中測(cè)量噪聲時(shí)間相關(guān)的Kalman濾波[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 方榮新;高采樣率GPS數(shù)據(jù)非差精密處理方法及其在地震學(xué)中的應(yīng)用研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：1576466