本文選題：室內(nèi)定位　切入點(diǎn)：高精度　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：普適計(jì)算力圖將以計(jì)算機(jī)為中心的計(jì)算模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶橹行牡挠?jì)算模式,其目標(biāo)是構(gòu)建一個(gè)計(jì)算和通信無處不在的環(huán)境,并在此基礎(chǔ)上透明地提供以人為中心的服務(wù)。獲取物體的位置信息是實(shí)現(xiàn)普適計(jì)算的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System, GPS)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)普適計(jì)算條件下物體位置信息的獲取,但在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下GPS的定位精度降低,達(dá)不到普適計(jì)算要求。因此,研究一種適合于室內(nèi)環(huán)境的定位系統(tǒng)有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 現(xiàn)有的定位系統(tǒng)各有優(yōu)劣,其中定位精度比較高的系統(tǒng)存在信號(hào)帶寬過寬、成本較高的問題,而定位精度比較低的系統(tǒng)存在不夠精確、不夠穩(wěn)定的問題。本文在分析多種定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用線性調(diào)頻擴(kuò)頻(Chirp Spread Spectrum, CSS)的高精度室內(nèi)定位方法。針對定位過程出現(xiàn)的信號(hào)碰撞問題,以及初始估算坐標(biāo)精度不高的問題,提出了相應(yīng)解決方案,所完成的工作如下： (1)通過分析兩類經(jīng)典防碰撞算法,并借鑒動(dòng)態(tài)幀時(shí)隙防碰撞算法(Dynamic Frame Slot Aloha, DFSA),提出了一種確認(rèn)動(dòng)態(tài)幀時(shí)隙的防碰撞算法(Acknowledge Dynamic Frame Slot Aloha, ADFSA)。ADFSA算法繼承DFSA算法的動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整幀時(shí)隙的原理,并且利用歷史幀識(shí)別信息來決定標(biāo)簽向哪個(gè)時(shí)隙發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),減少了標(biāo)簽隨機(jī)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,所提出的ADFSA算法的吞吐率相對于以前算法有明顯的提高。 (2)針對智能家居定位場景需要高精度定位的特點(diǎn),為克服室內(nèi)環(huán)境對定位精度造成的不利影響,本文提出了結(jié)合三邊測量定位的加權(quán)校正定位算法。定位系統(tǒng)首先利用三邊測量定位算法估算出標(biāo)簽的初始位置,然后利用初步定位得到的待測標(biāo)簽與參考標(biāo)簽的位置信息來確定待測標(biāo)簽與參考標(biāo)簽的近鄰程度,并結(jié)合參考標(biāo)簽的估算坐標(biāo)與實(shí)際坐標(biāo)間的誤差,來校正待測標(biāo)簽的初始估算坐標(biāo),從而提高定位精度。 (3)基于現(xiàn)有硬件設(shè)備以及提出的加權(quán)校正定位算法,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了一個(gè)定位系統(tǒng)原型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于CSS的高精度室內(nèi)定位方法,平均定位精度達(dá)到0.8890米,基本普適計(jì)算定位要求。 以上工作表明本文所采用的基于CSS的高精度室內(nèi)定位方法是可行的,能提供一種成本較低,基本滿足普適計(jì)算精度要求的室內(nèi)定位解決方案。
[Abstract]:Pervasive computing seeks to transform computer-centric computing into human-centred computing, with the goal of building a ubiquitous environment for computing and communication. On the basis of this, we can provide the human-centered service transparently. Obtaining the position information of objects is the key link to realize universal computing. GPS (Global Positioning system) can obtain the position information of objects under the condition of pervasive computing. However, the positioning accuracy of GPS in indoor environment is low, which can not meet the requirements of universal computing. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study a positioning system suitable for indoor environment. The existing positioning system has its own advantages and disadvantages, among which the system with high positioning accuracy has the problems of wide signal bandwidth and high cost, while the system with low positioning accuracy is not accurate enough. Based on the analysis of various positioning system technologies, the high precision indoor positioning method of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) is adopted in this paper. And the problem that the precision of the initial estimation coordinate is not high, the corresponding solution is put forward. The work accomplished is as follows:. 1) by analyzing two kinds of classical anti-collision algorithms and using dynamic Frame Slot Aloha, DFSAA algorithm for reference, a collision prevention algorithm for confirming dynamic frame slot is presented. The ADFSA).ADFSA algorithm inherits the principle of dynamic frame slot adjustment based on DFSA algorithm. The history frame identification information is used to determine which time slot the label sends data, which reduces the random transmission of data. The experimental results show that the throughput of the proposed ADFSA algorithm is significantly higher than that of the previous algorithm. 2) in order to overcome the adverse influence of indoor environment on positioning accuracy, aiming at the characteristics of high precision positioning in smart home positioning scene, In this paper, a weighted correction localization algorithm is proposed, which combines with triangulation and positioning. Firstly, the initial position of the label is estimated by using the triangulation localization algorithm in the positioning system. Then, using the position information of the tag to be tested and the reference label, the nearest neighbor degree of the tag to be tested and the reference label is determined, and the error between the estimated coordinate and the actual coordinate of the reference label is combined. To correct the initial estimated coordinates of the tag to be tested, so as to improve the positioning accuracy. Based on the existing hardware equipment and the weighted correction algorithm, a prototype of the positioning system is designed and developed. The high precision indoor positioning method based on CSS is realized. The average positioning accuracy is 0.8890m. The above work shows that the high precision indoor positioning method based on CSS is feasible and can provide a low cost indoor positioning solution that can basically meet the requirements of universal computing accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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本文編號(hào)：1576206