本文選題：氣象災(zāi)害　切入點：風(fēng)險研判　出處：《青海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國天氣氣候復(fù)雜，干旱、洪澇、臺風(fēng)、高溫、沙塵暴等氣象災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生，對人民的生命財產(chǎn)造成危害，隨著全球氣候變暖，極端天氣事件加劇，氣象災(zāi)害已經(jīng)嚴重阻礙了我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，影響和諧社會的構(gòu)建。因此掌握氣象災(zāi)害的特點和發(fā)生規(guī)律，，開展氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評估研判，對于預(yù)防災(zāi)害發(fā)生和提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力有著非常重要的作用，對于保障人民生命財產(chǎn)安全，保證社會經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展有著十分重要的意義。 本文在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合自身的專業(yè)技能，以業(yè)務(wù)需求為出發(fā)點，采用CSharp編程語言設(shè)計開發(fā)了基于GIS的氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)評估系統(tǒng)。完成的主要工作如下： （1）文章中精細解析了ESRI的ShapeFile數(shù)據(jù)文件、ERDAS的IMG數(shù)據(jù)文件、新一代天氣雷達數(shù)據(jù)文件，并在此基礎(chǔ)上定義了新的數(shù)據(jù)文件Wr數(shù)據(jù)文件、Wv數(shù)據(jù)文件、Pyr數(shù)據(jù)文件，并實現(xiàn)了對各種數(shù)據(jù)文件的讀寫操作和數(shù)據(jù)文件的相互轉(zhuǎn)換工作； （2）本系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了GIS中經(jīng)典的空間分析算法，并把這些算法成功移植到Wr文件和Wv文件格式中，自定義的Pyr文件實現(xiàn)了柵格數(shù)據(jù)的快速顯示操作；基于氣象災(zāi)害的成災(zāi)理論和研判方法，建立了氣象災(zāi)害研判模型，并在此基礎(chǔ)上基于自定義文件設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)了氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)險研判系統(tǒng)； （3）系統(tǒng)中用CSharp語言編寫了Model.dll和Common.dll兩個類庫，其中Model.dll類庫中完成了自定義文件結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計和系統(tǒng)中使用的基本實體的定義，Common.dll類庫中實現(xiàn)了對自定義文件的基本操作和經(jīng)典的GIS空間分析算法以及數(shù)據(jù)格式間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換； （4）設(shè)計開發(fā)了氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)險調(diào)查圖制作模塊和風(fēng)險災(zāi)害區(qū)劃圖制作模塊，系統(tǒng)在風(fēng)險自動識別研判的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計開發(fā)了專家二次研判和專家二次繪制研判功能。根據(jù)專家經(jīng)驗對自動識別研判不滿意之處可以重新設(shè)置各個研判等級的范圍重新研判，還可以手動制定研判等級繪制區(qū)域，使得系統(tǒng)的研判誤差更小，研判準確性更高，系統(tǒng)不經(jīng)可以把各種調(diào)查圖和災(zāi)害風(fēng)險區(qū)劃圖以及研判結(jié)果保存為數(shù)據(jù)文件，還可以導(dǎo)出為專題圖，還可以導(dǎo)出指定的風(fēng)險等級內(nèi)的承載體信息，并對這些信息做分類統(tǒng)計，根據(jù)需要通報給相關(guān)部門。
[Abstract]:China's weather climate is complex, drought, floods, typhoons, high temperatures, sandstorms and other meteorological disasters occur frequently, causing harm to people's lives and property. With the global climate warming, extreme weather events intensify. Meteorological disasters have seriously hindered the development of our economy and affected the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, we should grasp the characteristics and occurrence rules of meteorological disasters and carry out a study on the risk assessment of meteorological disasters. It plays a very important role in preventing disasters and improving the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of people's lives and property and to ensure the healthy development of social economy. In this paper, based on the previous research, combining with our own professional skills and taking the business requirement as the starting point, we design and develop the meteorological disaster wind assessment system based on GIS by using CSharp programming language. The main work accomplished is as follows:. In this paper, the ESRI ShapeFile data file and the new generation weather radar data file are analyzed in detail. On this basis, a new data file WR data file and WV data file are defined. The operation of reading and writing of various data files and the conversion of data files are realized. In this system, the classical spatial analysis algorithms in GIS are realized, and these algorithms are successfully transplanted to Wr file and WV file format. The self-defined Pyr file realizes the fast display of grid data. Based on the theory and method of meteorological disaster formation, the meteorological disaster research model is established, and the meteorological disaster risk evaluation system is designed and implemented based on the self-defined document. In this system, two class libraries, Model.dll and Common.dll, are programmed in CSharp language. Among them, the Model.dll class library has completed the design of the self-defined file structure and the definition of the basic entity used in the system. In the class library, the basic operation of the custom file and the classical GIS spatial analysis algorithm as well as the mutual conversion of the data format have been realized in the class library. Design and development of meteorological disaster risk survey map making module and risk hazard map making module, On the basis of automatic risk recognition and judgment, the system has designed and developed the functions of expert secondary study and expert secondary drawing study. According to the experts' experience, the scope of each level of research can be re-established. It is also possible to manually draw the area of the study grade, so that the error of the system is smaller and the accuracy of the study is higher. The system can save all kinds of survey maps and hazard risk zoning maps and the results of the study as data files without being able to do so. It can also be exported as a thematic map, and the bearer information within the specified risk level can be derived, and the information can be classified and counted, and reported to the relevant departments as needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;P429

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