本文關(guān)鍵詞： 空間知識(shí) 地理本體 空間知識(shí)形式化表達(dá) 空間知識(shí)集成　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在GIS學(xué)科中,空間知識(shí)是指在不同認(rèn)知層次上一個(gè)或多個(gè)地理信息關(guān)聯(lián)在一起形成的有應(yīng)用價(jià)值的信息結(jié)構(gòu)。針對(duì)空間知識(shí)的研究是GIS智能化方向的核心內(nèi)容,也是空間數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、地理空間推理等課題的基礎(chǔ),多側(cè)重于通過(guò)空間數(shù)據(jù)挖掘等方法實(shí)現(xiàn)隱式空間知識(shí)的獲取,以及在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用空間知識(shí)進(jìn)行輔助決策分析,提高問(wèn)題求解能力。當(dāng)前,多源異構(gòu)空間數(shù)據(jù)的集成技術(shù)已經(jīng)相對(duì)成熟,而空間知識(shí)仍缺乏通用的形式化表達(dá)方法,不同來(lái)源、不同領(lǐng)域、不同方法獲取的空間知識(shí)普遍存在語(yǔ)義、空間尺度、表達(dá)方法和存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的異構(gòu)性問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致空間知識(shí)的共享和集成困難,制約了通過(guò)跨領(lǐng)域空間數(shù)據(jù)和空間知識(shí)進(jìn)行綜合性應(yīng)用的智能化水平。另一方面,由于傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)工程領(lǐng)域側(cè)重企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)性知識(shí)集成的研究成果尚無(wú)法直接適用于空間知識(shí)集成這一命題,空間知識(shí)的集成還缺乏理論模型及方法的支撐。因此,研究空間知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一形式化表達(dá)與集成方法,消除空間知識(shí)的異構(gòu)性,顧及空間知識(shí)的時(shí)空特征,從而可以有效利用當(dāng)前多源異構(gòu)的空間數(shù)據(jù)與空間知識(shí)資源,為今后在大數(shù)據(jù)量環(huán)境下的空間數(shù)據(jù)挖掘提供新的思路,豐富空間知識(shí)研究的理論方法體系,并對(duì)當(dāng)前的智慧城市建設(shè)起到一定的方法性指導(dǎo)作用。本文以地理信息的多源異構(gòu)空間知識(shí)集成方法為主線,以構(gòu)建空間知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一表達(dá)模型為切入點(diǎn),在梳理、明確空間知識(shí)的內(nèi)涵、分類(lèi)體系與特征因子的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)當(dāng)前空間知識(shí)存在異構(gòu)性和知識(shí)集成方法對(duì)空間知識(shí)中時(shí)空特征處理能力不足的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)改進(jìn)的地理本體提出一種空間知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一形式化表達(dá)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)空間知識(shí)特征因子的完備表達(dá),并通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換、合并及推理實(shí)現(xiàn)空間知識(shí)的集成。本文取得了以下的研究成果:(1)提出一種空間知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一形式化表達(dá)模型(Geospatial Knowledge UnifiedRepresentation Model,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)GeoKURM)。對(duì)比典型的空間知識(shí)表達(dá)方法,分析其差異性,證實(shí)地理本體最適合空間知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一表達(dá)與異構(gòu)表達(dá)方法的集成。歸納構(gòu)成空間知識(shí)形式化表達(dá)的特征因子,通過(guò)空間元知識(shí)、空間知識(shí)本體以及空間規(guī)則庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)特征因子的完備描述。提出一種改進(jìn)的語(yǔ)義三元組來(lái)描述語(yǔ)義因子;針對(duì)地理本體中拓?fù)潢P(guān)系表達(dá)能力的不足,基于4交集模型提出的GeoKURM的拓?fù)潢P(guān)系描述,支持一致性推理和沖突消解。(2)提出一種空間知識(shí)的集成方法,通過(guò)表達(dá)方法轉(zhuǎn)換、語(yǔ)義映射與合并、以及推理檢驗(yàn)三個(gè)步驟實(shí)現(xiàn)。在空間知識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換方法中,提出空間知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換的一般流程,對(duì)空間描述邏輯建立拓?fù)潢P(guān)系描述的映射關(guān)系以實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換;對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)的產(chǎn)生式規(guī)則提出通過(guò)時(shí)空關(guān)系詞匯集實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)的隱式時(shí)空關(guān)系自動(dòng)識(shí)別與抽取方法,解決空間知識(shí)的表達(dá)方法異構(gòu)及存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)。在空間知識(shí)的合并方法中,基于本體映射方法進(jìn)行GeoKURM的合并,解決空間知識(shí)的語(yǔ)義異構(gòu)。在空間知識(shí)推理中,基于GeoKURM的時(shí)空特征表達(dá)提出一種改進(jìn)的一致性檢測(cè)推理機(jī)GeoPellet,與Jess規(guī)則推理機(jī)構(gòu)成GeoKURM的混合推理機(jī)制。(3)設(shè)計(jì)空間知識(shí)處理平臺(tái)GeoKMP及原型系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn),支持領(lǐng)域空間知識(shí)庫(kù)的構(gòu)建,異構(gòu)空間知識(shí)源的集成以及結(jié)合實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)的綜合推理。以城市綜合管線的數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)和城市燃?xì)夤芫�的危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)為應(yīng)用案例,集成多領(lǐng)域空間知識(shí)庫(kù)并整合相關(guān)空間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資源,優(yōu)化改善已有的空間知識(shí)庫(kù),驗(yàn)證本文提出方法的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:In GIS subjects, spatial knowledge refers to the information structure in different cognitive levels of one or more geographic information associated with application value together to form. According to the research of spatial knowledge is the core content of GIS intelligent direction, and spatial data mining, spatial reasoning task, focus on the spatial data mining method to obtain implicit knowledge of space, and the application of spatial knowledge in actual production decision-making analysis, improve the ability of solving problems. At present, the integrated technology of multi-source and heterogeneous spatial data has been mature, but still lack a general spatial knowledge representation method, different sources, different areas of space the knowledge acquired from different methods are common semantic, spatial scale, heterogeneous expression method and storage structure, resulting in the spatial knowledge sharing and integration difficulties, system The intelligent level about the comprehensive application through the cross domain of spatial data and spatial knowledge. On the other hand, because of the traditional knowledge engineering business enterprise knowledge integration research achievements can not be directly applicable to the space of knowledge integration this proposition, integration of spatial knowledge is the lack of the theory model and method of support. Therefore, with the integrated method of expression of the unified form of research on spatial knowledge, to eliminate the heterogeneity of spatial knowledge, take into account the temporal and spatial characteristics of spatial knowledge, which can effectively utilize the space data of the multi-source heterogeneous spatial knowledge and resources, to provide new ideas for the future of spatial data in a large data mining environment, enrich the theoretical system of the spatial knowledge, and to a certain method of guidance on the wisdom of the city. The construction of the multi-source heterogeneous spatial knowledge integration based on geographic information. As the main method, the expression model as the starting point, to unify the construction of spatial knowledge in combing, clear connotation of spatial knowledge, basic classification system and characteristic factor, according to the existing heterogeneous and knowledge integration method of spatial and temporal characteristics of processing spatial knowledge in the problem of spatial knowledge, proposes a unified expression model the form of spatial knowledge through improved geographic ontology, realize the complete expression of the spatial knowledge characteristic factor, and through the transformation, integration of spatial knowledge merging and reasoning. This paper has achieved the following results: (1) the expression model presents a unified form of spatial knowledge (Geospatial Knowledge UnifiedRepresentation Model, referred to as GeoKURM). In contrast to the classical spatial knowledge expression method, analysis of their differences, that unified geographic ontology most suitable spatial knowledge expression and heterogeneous expression The integrated method. Summarized constitute characteristic factor expression of space knowledge, meta knowledge through space and space, space ontology rules to achieve a complete description of the characteristic factors. This paper proposes an improved semantic three tuple to describe the semantic factor; for lack of geographic ontology in the topological relationship between the ability of expression, to describe the topological relationship between the 4 the intersection model is put forward based on GeoKURM, support the consistency reasoning and conflict resolution. (2) proposed a method of integration of spatial knowledge, through the expression conversion method, semantic mapping and merging, and reasoning test three steps. In the spatial knowledge conversion method, put forward the general process of knowledge transformation of space, space the description logic mapping describing topological relations in order to achieve the conversion of structured; expression of generative rules proposed by the temporal and spatial relationship between the vocabulary set implicit conversion when the time The relationship between the automatic identification and extraction method, solve the expression method of spatial knowledge and heterogeneous storage structure. In the combined method of spatial heterogeneous knowledge, GeoKURM with ontology mapping method based on spatial knowledge. To solve the problem of semantic heterogeneity in spatial knowledge inference, spatial and temporal characteristics of the expression of GeoKURM presents a consistency detection reasoning machine GeoPellet improvement based on the hybrid reasoning mechanism is composed of GeoKURM and Jess rules of inference. (3) design and implementation of spatial knowledge processing platform and GeoKMP prototype system, build the support field of spatial knowledge database, heterogeneous spatial knowledge source integration and combined with the actual data. By reasoning city comprehensive pipeline data check and city gas pipeline risk source identification for application case, space integrated multi domain knowledge base and integration of spatial database resources, optimizing the spatial knowledge base to improve the existing inspection. This article suggests the accuracy of the method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P208

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本文編號(hào)：1541594