本文關(guān)鍵詞： 遙感 GIS 星云湖地區(qū) 聚落 空間格局 分布狀況　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚落是人類改造自然的結(jié)果,同時(shí)也是人類活動(dòng)的主要空間場(chǎng)所。隨著人類環(huán)境意識(shí)的提高,探討聚落和環(huán)境因素之間的相互影響制約關(guān)系,便于更好地協(xié)調(diào)人地關(guān)系,促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因此對(duì)聚落的空間研究具有實(shí)際現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文在借鑒其他學(xué)者對(duì)聚落研究的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用Arcgis、Envi、Fragstats、SPSS等數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析軟件,結(jié)合遙感、GIS測(cè)繪學(xué)以及地理學(xué)方面的相關(guān)知識(shí),對(duì)高原湖泊星云湖地區(qū)聚落空間格局分布狀況進(jìn)行了深入探討,其中以GIS空間關(guān)聯(lián)分析和探索性空間分析為主,結(jié)合空間景觀指數(shù)對(duì)景觀尺度、類型尺度上動(dòng)態(tài)變化狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了定性和定量分析,此外結(jié)合已有分布模式相關(guān)概念對(duì)研究區(qū)現(xiàn)有空間格局分布模式進(jìn)行了粗略探討。取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)基于GIS空間分析得出聚落分布呈現(xiàn)出向地勢(shì)低且平坦、道路網(wǎng)密集、親水性地區(qū)分布的特征,且壩區(qū)內(nèi)地形簡(jiǎn)單,交通便利、水源豐富從而聚落密度和規(guī)模較大,山區(qū)地勢(shì)高,交通閉塞且水土流失嚴(yán)重而造成聚落分布零散且人口密度相對(duì)較少。(2)耕地分布、人口密度、人均收入和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況等人文環(huán)境因素對(duì)聚落空間格局狀況的影響也較為顯著,耕作較為精細(xì)時(shí)會(huì)形成規(guī)模小而密度大的密集型村莊,反之,易形成規(guī)模較大而密度較小的鄉(xiāng)村聚落,江川縣中部地區(qū)人口較為稠密,越往外圍人口逐漸稀疏,人口密集程度與聚落密度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,同時(shí)人口數(shù)與人均純收入也呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,因此人口密度、人均收入也成為聚落變遷的重要推動(dòng)力。(3)研究區(qū)以探索性空間分析得到鄉(xiāng)村聚落分布呈現(xiàn)出均衡性和集聚性以及“南密北疏”中部地區(qū)高密度并向外圍減少的空間格局分布狀態(tài),以大街鎮(zhèn)和江城鎮(zhèn)兩個(gè)區(qū)域?yàn)橹行木勐涿芏认蛲膺f減;研究區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村聚落的規(guī)模分布也存在明顯的空間依賴性并且鄉(xiāng)村聚落規(guī)模分布出現(xiàn)多個(gè)高值聚簇區(qū),研究區(qū)高值的聚居現(xiàn)象較為顯著。(4)在江川縣聚落的演變過(guò)程中,聚落整體的景觀形態(tài)呈現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定與擴(kuò)張的交替變化,經(jīng)歷了由不穩(wěn)定形態(tài)逐漸向穩(wěn)定形態(tài)演化的過(guò)程,也經(jīng)歷了聚落斑塊擴(kuò)散式分散性增長(zhǎng)到粘合式集聚性增長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,1995-2010年的10年間是聚落變化最為突出的一年,表現(xiàn)出經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下聚落的快速變化。(5)借鑒已有的模式分析成果將江川縣的空間分布模式總結(jié)為匯流式、聚合式和漸進(jìn)式共存的分布狀態(tài)。江川縣聚落空間分布最初主要依附于河流水系、交通公路、以及平原地勢(shì),呈現(xiàn)出匯流式的空間分布模式,隨著大街鎮(zhèn)和江城鎮(zhèn)兩個(gè)區(qū)域成為中心村鎮(zhèn)后,規(guī)模較大的鄉(xiāng)村聚落開(kāi)始發(fā)揮起中心地作用,零散分布型的鄉(xiāng)村聚落向近距離的中心鄉(xiāng)村聚落遷移,形成聚落簇團(tuán),呈現(xiàn)出聚合式發(fā)展模式,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)上產(chǎn)生的巨大差距,使得聚落的空間發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)逐步顯現(xiàn)出經(jīng)濟(jì)落后型的鄉(xiāng)村聚落向經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)遷移,并且此遷移過(guò)程越來(lái)越顯著,最終向漸進(jìn)式發(fā)展模式過(guò)渡。本文運(yùn)用基于遙感的景觀生態(tài)學(xué)與GIS空間分析相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)聚落空間格局分布狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析研究,定性的分析了聚落整體分布特征、相關(guān)因子之間的相互關(guān)系以及聚落在斑塊尺度上的動(dòng)態(tài)變化,為日后聚落的相關(guān)研究提供借鑒與參考。
[Abstract]:The settlement of human nature is the result, but also the main place of human activities. With the increasing awareness of the human environment, to explore the interaction between the settlement and the environmental factors, to better facilitate the coordinator of the relationship, promote the sustainable development of social economy, so the study of the village space has practical significance in this paper. On the basis of other scholars on the settlement study, using Arcgis, Envi, Fragstats, SPSS and other data processing and analysis software, combined with remote sensing, GIS related knowledge of Surveying and mapping and geography, the spatial pattern of settlement distribution of Plateau Lake Xingyun Lake area are discussed, which based on GIS spatial analysis and exploration spatial analysis, combined with the landscape index on the landscape scale, the dynamic changes of state type scale through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and combined with the existing The related concept of distribution pattern roughly explored in the study area the existing spatial distribution pattern. The main results are as follows: (1) GIS spatial analysis of settlement distribution showing a low and flat terrain based on road network density, hydrophilic region distribution characteristics, and the terrain is simple, convenient transportation, abundant water in order to settlement density and large scale, high mountain terrain, blocking traffic and serious soil erosion caused by the distribution of settlements scattered and relatively small population density. (2) the distribution of cultivated land, population density, per capita income and social economic status and environmental factors on the status of human settlement spatial pattern is also significant, fine farming will form small scale and intensive villages, large density and easy to form larger and smaller density of rural settlements, the central area of Jiangchuan County, the population is more dense, more to the periphery The mouth is sparse, dense population density was positively related to the severity of the settlement, at the same time, population and the per capita net income is positively correlated to the population density, per capita income has become an important driving force for the settlement changes. (3) the study area to explore the space of rural settlements distribution shows the spatial distribution of equilibrium and agglomeration and "Nanmibei Shu" in central area of high density and reduced to the periphery, to two street town and river town center area for settlement density descended; size distribution of rural settlements has obvious spatial dependence and the size distribution of rural settlements appeared in a number of high value cluster region, concentrated on the phenomenon of the high value is more significant. (4) the evolution of settlements in Jiangchuan County, the whole settlement landscape form showing alternation of stability and expansion, experienced by the unstable form The process gradually evolves to a stable form, also experienced settlement patches diffusion dispersion growth to adhesive type agglomeration process of growth for 1995-2010 years, 10 years is the most prominent settlement changes a year, showing the rapid economic changes under the background of the settlement. (5) using the existing model analysis results will be summarized in Jiangchuan the spatial distribution pattern for the county bus type, aggregation and progressive coexistence distribution. Jiangchuan county was mainly dependent on the spatial distribution of settlement of river, highway, and plain terrain, showing the distribution mode converging type space, with street town and river town two areas become the center of town, large scale the rural settlement center starts to play the role, the scattered rural settlements to rural settlements near the center distance of migration, the formation of the settlement clusters, showing the polymerization type development, with the economic production The huge gap between the students, the settlement space development status gradually transfer rural settlement of economic backwardness to the economically developed areas, and the migration process is becoming more and more obvious, ultimately to the progressive development mode transition. This paper applies the method of landscape ecology and spatial analysis of GIS remote sensing based on the combination of the settlement, the spatial distribution of state the analysis and research, qualitative analysis of the overall settlement distribution, dynamic changes in plaque scale on the relationship between factors and settlement, and provide reference for the related research on settlement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P208;C912.8

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本文編號(hào)：1540650