本文關(guān)鍵詞： PSInSAR 地表沉降 永久散射體選取 閾值　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國是把煤炭作為主要能源的國家,而大規(guī)模的開采與利用煤炭及其他的固體礦產(chǎn)資源,在帶來巨大效益的同時也造成了一系列開采損害和環(huán)境問題,其中礦區(qū)地表的沉降變形不僅破壞了地表建筑物,也對礦區(qū)工業(yè)設(shè)備與民用設(shè)施造成了危害,給人民安全和社會穩(wěn)定留下了安全隱患。通常監(jiān)測地表形變的方法有傳統(tǒng)大地水準(zhǔn)測量、光電測距儀測量與GPS測量,其中InSAR技術(shù)具有全天時全天候、穿透能力強(qiáng)大等特點(diǎn),而PSInSAR技術(shù)尤為適宜監(jiān)測長時間緩慢地表形變,只需要通過影像判別、永久散射體選取與處理,就能分析得到其形變速率,進(jìn)而分析出區(qū)域的形變速率場。 但以往PSInSAR應(yīng)用與研究都主要集中于監(jiān)測城市的地表沉降,用于監(jiān)測礦區(qū)地表沉降的應(yīng)用與研究都相對比較少。PS點(diǎn)的識別方法是PSInSAR技術(shù)的重要關(guān)鍵之一,能有效地識別可靠而準(zhǔn)確的點(diǎn)是PSInSAR技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的前提和必要的條件,PS散射體從實(shí)體點(diǎn)類型來看,城市與礦區(qū)的地表情況差異較大,對PSInSAR中永久散射體目標(biāo)點(diǎn)提取方法的選擇要求與每種方法的閾值設(shè)置要求均會有不同。本文具體有以下幾個方面的工作： 首先,本文在查閱大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上對PSInSAR的技術(shù)原理和數(shù)據(jù)處理流程和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)以及實(shí)踐應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)性的總結(jié)。其次,本文詳細(xì)介紹了目前常用PS識別與選取方法,且具體分析了各自的數(shù)學(xué)模型與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。最后,為了直觀對比不同PS點(diǎn)目標(biāo)選取方法的效果,選取了具有典型性的實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域基于4種識別方法分別進(jìn)行PS選取實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)結(jié)果結(jié)合礦區(qū)地表形態(tài)分析了幾種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足,驗(yàn)證了各方法在監(jiān)測礦區(qū)地表沉降中提取形變信息的可靠性。且通過處理了覆蓋礦區(qū)的9景SAR影像的實(shí)驗(yàn),討論了公共主影像選取、主輔影像配準(zhǔn)、相位解纏等PSInSAR中的其他關(guān)鍵技術(shù),并以相干系數(shù)法提取出的PS目標(biāo)點(diǎn)分析得到研究區(qū)的形變數(shù)據(jù)與區(qū)域形變圖,劃分了三塊沉降區(qū)并簡單分析沉降原因和提出治理建議。
[Abstract]:China is a country that takes coal as the main energy, and large-scale mining and utilization of coal and other solid mineral resources, not only bring huge benefits, but also cause a series of mining damage and environmental problems. The subsidence and deformation of the mining area not only destroy the surface buildings, but also cause harm to the industrial equipment and civil facilities in the mining area. It has left a hidden danger to the safety and social stability of the people. Usually, the methods of monitoring the surface deformation include the traditional geodetic survey, the photoelectric rangefinder and the GPS measurement. Among them, InSAR technology has the characteristics of all-weather, all-weather, strong penetration ability, and PSInSAR technology is especially suitable for monitoring slow surface deformation for a long time, only through image discrimination. The deformation rate can be obtained by selecting and processing the permanent scatterer, and then the deformation rate field in the region can be analyzed. But in the past, the application and research of PSInSAR mainly focused on the monitoring of urban surface subsidence. The application and research of monitoring ground subsidence in mining area are relatively few. PS points identification method is one of the important keys of PSInSAR technology. Effective identification of reliable and accurate points is a prerequisite and necessary condition for PSInSAR technology to realize PS scatterers. According to the type of solid points, there is a big difference between urban and mining areas. The selection requirements of the target point extraction method for permanent scatterers in PSInSAR will be different from the threshold setting requirements of each method. Firstly, this paper summarizes the technical principle, data processing flow, key technology and practical application of PSInSAR on the basis of consulting a lot of literature. Secondly. This paper introduces the current common PS recognition and selection methods, and analyzes their mathematical models and implementation methods. Finally, in order to compare the results of different PS point target selection methods. The typical experimental area is selected and the advantages and disadvantages of several methods are analyzed according to the results of PS selection experiment based on four recognition methods. The reliability of the methods to extract deformation information in monitoring the surface subsidence of mining area is verified. The selection of common main image and the registration of main and secondary images are discussed through the experiment of processing 9 SAR images covering the mining area. Other key techniques in PSInSAR, such as phase unwrapping, and the analysis of PS target points extracted by coherence coefficient method, are used to obtain the deformation data and regional deformation map of the studied area. Three settlement areas are divided and the causes of settlement are analyzed and some suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD327;P225

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