發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-25 06:04

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水資源優(yōu)化配置 地理信息系統(tǒng) 多目標(biāo)動(dòng)態(tài) 生態(tài)修復(fù) 干涸河流　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：流域的水資源供需矛盾和生態(tài)惡化問題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到了地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人們生活水平的提高。本文針對(duì)這兩個(gè)突出問題展開研究。在研究國(guó)內(nèi)外水資源優(yōu)化配置和生態(tài)修復(fù)進(jìn)展的基礎(chǔ)上，形成了本文的研究思路和方法。 本文在研究水資源配置系統(tǒng)論、多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化以及動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃等理論基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了多目標(biāo)動(dòng)態(tài)的水資源優(yōu)化配置模型。該模型以Visual Basic語(yǔ)言為工具，，以時(shí)段各用戶的整體滿意度為目標(biāo)，利用改進(jìn)的單純形法進(jìn)行求解計(jì)算，并在此基礎(chǔ)上增加了時(shí)間變量，使水資源配置達(dá)到動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化平衡的效果。 為了使多目標(biāo)動(dòng)態(tài)水資源優(yōu)化配置模型具有更好的可視化效果，將該模型與地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）進(jìn)行耦合，形成了基于GIS的水資源優(yōu)化配置系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在建設(shè)中使用了大量不同結(jié)構(gòu)和不同格式的數(shù)據(jù)，采用ArcGIS、Oracle、VB等多種軟件平臺(tái)和多種集成技術(shù)將研究區(qū)域的DEM數(shù)據(jù)、地理信息數(shù)據(jù)、水利工程數(shù)據(jù)、優(yōu)化配置方案及結(jié)果等集成到一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的平臺(tái)中，便于水資源配置的人機(jī)交互，大大提高了水資源的管理和可視化水平。 針對(duì)淮河干流正陽(yáng)關(guān)到洪澤湖區(qū)域枯水期水資源供需矛盾突出的現(xiàn)狀，將本文建立的基于GIS的多目標(biāo)動(dòng)態(tài)水資源優(yōu)化配置模型應(yīng)用于該區(qū)域。在研究淮河干流某區(qū)段枯水期水資源概況、可供水量、各用戶需水量等基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)其在現(xiàn)狀水平年、近期和遠(yuǎn)期規(guī)劃水平年不同保證率的組合方案下的水資源進(jìn)行優(yōu)化配置計(jì)算。將優(yōu)化配置結(jié)果與區(qū)域的水利工程、取水口等信息進(jìn)行分類分層查詢和展示，實(shí)現(xiàn)屬性信息和空間信息交互。同時(shí)，根據(jù)優(yōu)化配置計(jì)算結(jié)果編制水資源調(diào)度方案，應(yīng)用于淮河干流枯水期的水資源優(yōu)化配置及調(diào)度。 針對(duì)我國(guó)很多河流河道干涸、生態(tài)惡化的現(xiàn)狀，本文以海河流域?yàn)槔�，調(diào)研了海河流域平原河流的概況及生態(tài)演變，研究了干涸河流的生態(tài)修復(fù)問題。該區(qū)域河流的生態(tài)問題主要表現(xiàn)在水量減少、水質(zhì)惡化、河道干涸沙化及生物多樣性衰退。針對(duì)現(xiàn)狀，提出了干涸河道的生態(tài)修復(fù)措施，對(duì)能夠滿足生態(tài)基流的河道，進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水，逐步恢復(fù)河流生態(tài)；對(duì)無法滿足生態(tài)基流的河道，建議采用草地等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)替代。同時(shí)，應(yīng)用HEC-RAS軟件對(duì)典型干涸河道進(jìn)行了小流量過流模擬，為干涸河流的生態(tài)修復(fù)提供了理論依據(jù)，可為類似地區(qū)干涸河流生態(tài)修復(fù)提供參考。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and ecological deterioration have seriously affected the development of regional economy and the improvement of people's living standard. This paper studies these two outstanding problems and studies the optimization of water resources at home and abroad. Configuration and ecological restoration based on progress. The research ideas and methods of this paper are formed. The system theory of water resources allocation is studied in this paper. On the basis of multi-objective optimization and dynamic programming theory, a multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model is constructed, which is based on Visual Basic language. Taking the overall satisfaction of each user in the time period as the goal, the improved simplex method is used to solve the problem, and on this basis, the time variable is added to achieve the effect of dynamic optimal balance of water resources allocation. In order to make the multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model have better visualization effect, the model is coupled with GIS (Geographic Information system). A water resources optimal allocation system based on GIS is formed, in which a large number of data with different structures and formats are used, and ArcGIS-Oracle is used in the system. VB and other software platforms and integration technologies integrate the DEM data, geographic information data, hydraulic engineering data, optimal configuration scheme and results into a unified platform. The human-computer interaction of water resources allocation greatly improves the management and visualization of water resources. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the dry period from Zhengyang to Hongze Lake in the main stream of Huaihe River is obvious. The multi-objective dynamic water resources optimal allocation model based on GIS is applied to this area. Based on the study of the water resources in a section of the Huaihe River in the dry season, the available water supply and the water demand of the users are studied. The optimal allocation of water resources in the current level year, short-term planning level year and long-term planning level year is calculated under the combination scheme of different guarantee rate, and the optimal allocation result is compared with the regional water conservancy project. In order to realize the interaction of attribute information and spatial information, the water resources scheduling scheme is compiled according to the results of optimal configuration calculation. It is applied to the optimal allocation and dispatch of water resources in the dry season of the main stream of the Huaihe River. In view of the situation that many rivers in China are drying up and ecological deterioration, this paper investigates the general situation and ecological evolution of the plain rivers in Haihe River Basin, taking the Haihe River Basin as an example. This paper studies the ecological restoration of dry rivers. The main ecological problems of rivers in this region are the decrease of water quantity, the deterioration of water quality, the dry desertification of river channels and the decline of biodiversity. The ecological restoration measures of the dry river are put forward, which can satisfy the basic ecological current and restore the river ecology step by step. For the river which can not meet the ecological basic flow, it is suggested to replace the ecosystem such as grassland. At the same time, the small flow overflow simulation of typical dry river is carried out by using HEC-RAS software. It provides a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of dry rivers and a reference for the ecological restoration of dry rivers in similar areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;TV213.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 呂明;許海東;高永軍;;我國(guó)水資源概況及節(jié)約用水措施[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2011年09期

2 龔秀英;試談?dòng)蓝ê铀荡嬖趩栴}及建議[J];北京水利;2005年01期

3 孫東安,劉書廣;永定河管理處建處30年成就回顧與展望[J];北京水利;2005年03期

4 王韶偉;徐勁草;許新宜;;河流生態(tài)修復(fù)淺議[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2009年Z1期

5 彭靜;李

本文編號(hào)：1462197