發(fā)布時間：2018-01-22 02:42

  本文關鍵詞： 生態(tài)安全預警評價 屬性識別模型 GIS 烏江流域　出處：《重慶師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：烏江流域（位于貴州省境內(nèi)）是典型喀斯特地區(qū)，生態(tài)環(huán)境極為脆弱；同時烏江流域又是國家發(fā)改委確定的全國十八個國土資源重點綜合開發(fā)區(qū)之一，水電資源及礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，是喀斯特地區(qū)工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展條件較優(yōu)越的區(qū)域；也是貴州省人口和經(jīng)濟密度較大的地區(qū)之一。烏江梯級水電開發(fā)改變河流自然流態(tài)及河道兩岸物種生境；流速減慢，河流自凈能力降低，面源污染加�。涣椎V、煤礦等礦產(chǎn)資源的開采及煤、磷化工廠建設，對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重污染。目前上述生態(tài)環(huán)境問題未能得到有效的治理，生態(tài)環(huán)境整體有惡化趨勢，根據(jù)烏江流域目前生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，，對其進行生態(tài)安全預警研究為其發(fā)展決策提供參考。 本文基于RS和GIS技術技術手段，提取烏江流域土地利用和景觀格局信息，分析烏江流域土地利用/覆蓋變化和景觀格局時空變化特征。結(jié)合研究區(qū)區(qū)域特征、社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況及資料收集情況，從自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)、景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)三個方面構(gòu)建評價指標體系，將熵權(quán)法與屬性識別模型相耦合，進行烏江流域生態(tài)安全預警評價研究，將評價結(jié)果劃分為巨警（Ⅰ）、重警（Ⅱ）、中警（Ⅲ）、輕警（Ⅳ）、無警（Ⅴ）五個級別。運用CA模型對花溪區(qū)土地利用進行模擬，提取景觀指數(shù)，構(gòu)建生態(tài)安全預警指數(shù)，進行花溪區(qū)生態(tài)安全預警模擬評價。 研究結(jié)果顯示：2000～2010年10年間，水田、旱地、灌木林及未利用地面積減少，分別減少了1952.7km~2、1438.9km~2、30.5km~2、2213.5km~2；有林地、水域及建設用地面積均增加，分別增加了3452.8km~2、472.8km~2、1676.1km~2。整個流域土地利用程度隨著時間的推移呈增強的發(fā)展趨勢，不同區(qū)縣土地利用程度存在差異不同；2000年烏江流域巨警、重警、中警、輕警的面積分別為745.8km~2、15212.2km~2、40670.7km~2、9361.4km~2，所占比重分別為1.13%、23.05%、61.63%、14.19%。2010年烏江流域巨警、重警、中警、輕警占貴州省烏江流域的面積分別為4330.5km~2、12254.1km~2、42804.0km~2、6591.4km~2，所占比重分別為6.58%、18.57%、64.86%、9.99%�；ㄏ獏^(qū)2010年、2020年及2030年生態(tài)安全預警指數(shù)模擬值分別為2.53、2.36、2.50，模擬結(jié)果顯示花溪區(qū)生態(tài)安全狀況呈波動的變化趨勢。
[Abstract]:Wujiang River Basin (located in Guizhou Province) is a typical karst area, the ecological environment is extremely fragile; At the same time, Wujiang River Basin is one of the eighteen key comprehensive development zones of national land and resources determined by the National Development and Reform Commission. The hydropower resources and mineral resources are abundant, and it is a region with superior conditions for industrial and agricultural development in karst area. It is also one of the areas with high population and economic density in Guizhou Province. The cascade hydropower development of Wujiang River changes the natural flow pattern of the river and the species habitat on both sides of the river. The flow rate is slow, the self-purification ability of the river decreases, and the non-point source pollution intensifies. The exploitation of mineral resources such as phosphate and coal mines and the construction of coal and phosphorous chemical plants have caused serious pollution to the ecological environment. At present the above-mentioned ecological environmental problems have not been effectively managed and the ecological environment as a whole has a tendency to deteriorate. According to the current situation of ecological environment development in Wujiang River Basin, the ecological security early warning study provides a reference for its development decision. Based on RS and GIS technology, this paper extracts the information of land use and landscape pattern in Wujiang River Basin. The spatial and temporal characteristics of land use / cover change and landscape pattern in Wujiang River Basin were analyzed. Based on the regional characteristics, social and economic development and data collection of the study area, the natural ecosystem and social economic system were analyzed. The evaluation index system is constructed in three aspects of landscape ecosystem. The entropy weight method and attribute recognition model are coupled to study the ecological security early warning evaluation of Wujiang River Basin. The evaluation results are divided into giant police (鈪

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