本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于GIS方法的俄羅斯下瓦爾托夫斯克地區(qū)生態(tài)景觀時空變化研究　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 景觀 時空變化 下瓦爾托夫斯克區(qū) 地理信息系統(tǒng)

【摘要】：人類對大自然的影響分為三個層面——局部，區(qū)域以及全球，這些問題縱橫交錯出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)代社會中。當(dāng)前形勢出現(xiàn)的主要原因是由于在地理信息系統(tǒng)中不合理的人為干預(yù)以及違反它們相互作用規(guī)則。還有一部分原因在于研究程度不夠，對于這類問題法律缺乏科學(xué)了解，對于自然地理的形成進(jìn)程，特點以及與人類社會相互影響的不了解造成。 為了解決如何合理運(yùn)用大自然這一問題，必須確定現(xiàn)如今關(guān)于解決這一問題的研究有哪些方向，何種進(jìn)度等等。在研究中明確景觀特點的時空轉(zhuǎn)變。 合理運(yùn)用大自然的任務(wù)變得更加艱巨是由于地形在自然發(fā)展過程中還遭受到了人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動進(jìn)程中所帶來的負(fù)面作用影響。 結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)知識與景觀組成部分，景觀和環(huán)境條件作用，功能狀態(tài)和動力學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系在這樣或那樣的條件下能夠預(yù)知確切的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r�？茖W(xué)論證土地的運(yùn)用種類并預(yù)先尋找保護(hù)自然措施，確定景觀在最大允許范圍內(nèi)的負(fù)載量。 現(xiàn)如今，景觀動態(tài)變化成為整個地理科學(xué)最迫切以及具有現(xiàn)實意義的研究問題。該研究在發(fā)展進(jìn)程中確立了深刻理論聯(lián)系，確定地理信息系統(tǒng)如：變化條件下的生命限度的完整體制成為具有重大價值的研究任務(wù)，具有最直接的現(xiàn)實研究意義。研究涉及生態(tài)定位，通過生態(tài)定位解釋許多地理系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的相互作用與環(huán)境的關(guān)系，使人類能夠更好的掌握生態(tài)自然發(fā)展進(jìn)程；可以解決地理系統(tǒng)所引起的問題，也就是說通過地理系統(tǒng)動向科學(xué)預(yù)測動態(tài)模式和進(jìn)化趨勢。 不充分考慮自然景觀的特殊性，不對自然景觀加以保護(hù)，對資源和景觀潛力的持續(xù)的人為影響，使?jié)h特 曼西自治區(qū)內(nèi)形成粗放型的自然資源利用模式，環(huán)境狀況急劇惡化。對過去自然環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重的人為影響，使整個自然景觀發(fā)生很大變化，在大面積區(qū)域上建造大型油田，最后使自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)逐步退化，形成了新的自然和人造景觀。 研究河流水泛地的植被是重要意義對制定措施為了合理與綜合使用河草地，分配遺傳儲備，組織禁獵區(qū)，評估恢復(fù)過程在不同類型森林群落。 這項研究的相關(guān)決定需要獲得一個固定的景觀制圖的信息既要保證下瓦爾托夫斯克地區(qū)的無害環(huán)境的發(fā)展，經(jīng)歷了艱苦的人為壓力。 在1973年到2010年期間，，研究區(qū)內(nèi)各景觀類型均發(fā)生了較大的變化。其中，空間格局變化中，森林景觀所占的景觀比重最大。景觀格局的變化主要受工業(yè)區(qū)，城市建設(shè)，道路和交通線的快速發(fā)展的影響。研究區(qū)石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)專門化和對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的工業(yè)綜合很大程度上取決于下瓦爾托夫斯克區(qū)當(dāng)前的環(huán)境狀態(tài)。 利用現(xiàn)代GIS方法和地學(xué)信息略圖研究方法，評價了研究區(qū)生態(tài)潛力及客觀評估生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)和穩(wěn)定性，并實現(xiàn)自然資源利用優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:Human influence on nature is divided into three levels-local, regional and global. These problems are crisscrossed in modern society. The main reason for the present situation is the unreasonable human intervention in GIS and the violation of the rules of their interaction. Not enough. The lack of scientific understanding of the law of such problems, the formation of natural geography process, characteristics and interaction with human society caused by the lack of understanding. In order to solve the problem of how to use nature rationally, it is necessary to determine the direction and progress of the research on how to solve this problem. The task of making rational use of nature becomes more difficult because the terrain is also affected by the negative effects of human economic activities in the process of natural development. Structural knowledge and landscape components, landscape and environmental conditions. The relationship between functional state and dynamics can predict the exact state of development under one condition or another. Determine the amount of load within the maximum allowable range of the landscape. Nowadays, the dynamic change of landscape has become the most urgent and practical research problem in the whole geography science. This research has established the profound theoretical connection in the development process. It is of great value to determine the complete system of geographic information system (GIS), such as the life limit under changing conditions, which has the most direct practical significance. The research involves ecological positioning. Through ecological positioning to explain the interaction of many geographical system structures and the relationship between the environment, so that human beings can better grasp the ecological natural development process; It can solve the problems caused by geographical system, that is to say, predict the dynamic model and evolution trend scientifically through the trend of geographical system. If the particularity of natural landscape is not fully considered, the natural landscape will not be protected, and the sustainable human influence on resources and landscape potential will lead to the formation of extensive natural resource utilization mode in the Huntmanxi Autonomous region. The severe man-made influence on the natural environment in the past caused the whole natural landscape to change greatly, and large oil fields were built in a large area, and finally the natural ecosystem was gradually degraded. New natural and artificial landscapes have been formed. It is important to study the vegetation of river floodplain for formulating measures for rational and comprehensive use of river grassland, allocation of genetic reserves, organization of forbidden areas, and assessment of restoration process in different types of forest communities. The decision of this study requires a fixed landscape mapping information both to ensure the environmentally sound development of the Lower Vartovsk region and to undergo strenuous anthropogenic pressure. During the period from 1973 to 2010, the landscape types in the study area have changed greatly. Among them, the spatial pattern is changing. Forest landscape accounts for the largest proportion of the landscape. The landscape pattern changes mainly by the industrial zone, urban construction. The impact of the rapid development of roads and traffic lines. The specialization of oil and gas production and the industrial integration of ecosystems in the study area depend to a large extent on the current state of the environment in the Lower Valtovsk region. By using modern GIS method and geoscience information map research method, the ecological potential and the state and stability of ecological system in the study area are evaluated objectively, and the utilization of natural resources is optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P901;P208

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