本文關鍵詞：驪山—橫嶺—白鹿塬地區(qū)溯源侵蝕空間分異性研究　出處：《西北大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 數(shù)字高程模型 侵蝕溝頭 溯源侵蝕 量化指標 空間分異

【摘要】：溯源侵蝕是溝谷地貌發(fā)育的主要侵蝕方式之一,也是我國當前發(fā)生最為頻繁的溝谷發(fā)育方式,與土壤侵蝕產(chǎn)沙與地貌發(fā)育關系密切。驪山-橫嶺-白鹿塬地區(qū)地貌類型多樣,有黃土臺塬、黃土丘陵、河流川地和土石低山丘陵等。該區(qū)域溝頭的溯源侵蝕作用強烈,且不同地貌類型的溯源侵蝕特征也不盡相同。因此,深入研究該地區(qū)溝頭溯源侵蝕量化特征和地域性特征,不僅有助于揭示該地區(qū)溝頭發(fā)育演化特點,而且對于區(qū)域水土保持治理、土地資源保護利用均具有重要的價值。本文在總結前人的研究成果和經(jīng)驗的基礎上,依據(jù)地貌學、水文學和空間統(tǒng)計學等相關學科知識,綜合運用GIS技術主導下的數(shù)字地形分析、地統(tǒng)計分析方法,遙感影像分析解譯等室內(nèi)實驗方法,結合溝頭實地調(diào)查等野外工作方法,以ArcGIS軟件為主要技術平臺,研究分析了驪山-橫嶺-白鹿塬地區(qū)的溝頭溯源侵蝕地域差異性和空間分異特征。本文首先詳細介紹了溝頭的相關理論,結合溝頭的地貌學特征,對其范圍下了定義,并發(fā)展了基于5米分辨率DEM數(shù)據(jù)的侵蝕溝頭提取方法,隨后對研究區(qū)進行侵蝕溝頭提取實驗,得到了較好的效果。接著選取了表征溝頭溯源侵蝕強度、殘余量和潛能的4個量化指標,其中,溝頭頻度指標表征溯源侵蝕強度,逼近度指標表征溯源侵蝕殘余量,相對高程和溝頭的平均坡度指標表征溯源侵蝕的潛能。通過對上述4個指標進行實驗樣區(qū)的提取并分析發(fā)現(xiàn),選取的量化指標能夠很好的反映研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同地貌類型的溝頭溯源侵蝕特征。最后,通過對驪山-橫嶺-白鹿塬地區(qū)均勻分布的28個實驗樣區(qū)的溝頭溯源侵蝕量化指標進行空間分異規(guī)律分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)內(nèi)處于不同地貌發(fā)育階段的溝頭溯源侵蝕具有一定的分布規(guī)律：溝頭頻度指標在研究區(qū)內(nèi)由南至北呈現(xiàn)遞增的趨勢；逼近度指標則呈現(xiàn)遞減的趨勢；該兩項指標的變化趨勢與研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同地貌特征和溝頭溯源侵蝕特征相符合,反映了兩項指標與地貌發(fā)育程度的關系密切。相對高程和溝頭的平均坡度指標則呈現(xiàn)出驪山地區(qū)和白鹿塬地區(qū)稍高,中間橫嶺地區(qū)稍低的分布規(guī)律,也與研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同地貌特征和溝頭溯源侵蝕特征密切相關。本次研究是對溝頭提取和溝頭溯源侵蝕量化研究的一次大膽的嘗試,雖然存在一些不足之處,但是對于進一步揭示溝谷地貌發(fā)育與溝頭溯源侵蝕的定量關系具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Traceability erosion is one of the main erosion ways of valley geomorphology development, and it is also the most frequent gully development mode in China at present. It is closely related to soil erosion, sediment yield and geomorphology development. There are various landforms in Lishan, Hengling and Bailuyuan areas, including loess plateau and loess hilly area. The traceability erosion at the head of the region is very strong, and the characteristics of traceability erosion of different geomorphological types are different. Further study on the quantitative and regional characteristics of trench head traceability erosion is not only helpful to reveal the development and evolution characteristics of gully head in this area, but also to regional soil and water conservation. Conservation and utilization of land resources are of great value. This paper summarizes the previous research results and experience, according to geomorphology, hydrology and spatial statistics and other related disciplines. Comprehensive use of GIS technology led by the digital terrain analysis, geostatistical analysis methods, remote sensing image analysis and interpretation of indoor experiments, combined with field work methods such as trench field investigation. Using ArcGIS software as the main technology platform, this paper studies and analyzes the regional differences and spatial differentiation characteristics of trench head traceability erosion in Lishan-Hengling-Bailuyuan area. Firstly, this paper introduces the relevant theory of Goutou in detail. Combined with the geomorphological characteristics of the gully head, the scope of the definition, and the development of a 5m resolution DEM data based erosion head extraction method, and then the study area of erosion gully head extraction experiment. Then four quantitative indexes were selected to characterize the trace erosion intensity, residual amount and potential. Among them, the trench head frequency index was used to characterize the traceability erosion intensity. The index of approximate degree represents the residual amount of traceability erosion, and the average slope index of relative height and trench head represents the potential of traceability erosion. The selected quantitative indicators can well reflect the erosion characteristics of different geomorphological types in the study area. Finally. This paper analyzes the spatial differentiation law of the quantitative index of the racehead traceability erosion in 28 experimental areas uniformly distributed in the Lishan, Hengling and Bailuyuan regions. It is found that the trench head traceback erosion in different geomorphological development stages in the study area has a certain distribution law: the frequency index of trench head is increasing from south to north in the study area; On the other hand, the degree of approximation tends to decrease; The change trend of these two indexes is consistent with the different geomorphological features and trench head traceability erosion characteristics in the study area. The two indexes are closely related to the degree of geomorphologic development. The relative elevation and the average slope index of the gully head show the distribution law of the Lishan region and the Bailuyuan area slightly higher, and the middle Hengling area slightly lower. It is also closely related to different geomorphological features and trench head traceability erosion characteristics in the study area. This study is a bold attempt to extract and quantify trench head traceability erosion although there are some shortcomings. But it has certain reference value for further revealing the quantitative relationship between valley geomorphology development and trench head traceability erosion.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P931;P208

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