基于多源遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)的冰川信息提取方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 15:10
本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于多源遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)的冰川信息提取方法研究 出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文 論文類型：學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章： 冰川提取 面向?qū)ο?/b> 圖像融合 冰川邊界
【摘要】：冰川信息的提取是研究冰川消融、氣候變化等方面的全球化熱點(diǎn)問題。遙感技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為冰川提取中的必要技術(shù)手段。遙感事業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展形成了遙感數(shù)據(jù)多源化的特點(diǎn)。研究基于多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)的冰川提取方法可以對(duì)現(xiàn)有的多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行綜合利用,提高冰川提取的精度。本文開展了基于多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)的冰川信息提取方法研究,選用光學(xué)影像,高分辨率影像以及雷達(dá)影像(SAR)應(yīng)用于西昆侖山脈的崇測(cè)冰川信息提取中,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。首先選用傳統(tǒng)的光學(xué)遙感冰川提取方法進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)和分析;之后對(duì)合成孔徑雷達(dá)影像的冰川提取方法進(jìn)行了研究;提出了基于圖像融合的冰川提取方法并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文主要的研究成果概括如下:(1)基于多源遙感影像融合的提取方法最優(yōu),提取結(jié)果精度高誤差小,并且可以有效提取冰川特征。通過對(duì)比各方法的面積誤差比,結(jié)果表明先融合再分類提取的誤差明顯降低,且提取結(jié)果顯著優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)提取方法。其中基于Landsat與IRS-P5融合的誤差比最小僅為0.15%,提取結(jié)果最優(yōu)。(2)面向?qū)ο蠓ㄊ枪鈱W(xué)影像的最優(yōu)提取方法。比值法、雪蓋指數(shù)法、非監(jiān)督分類與監(jiān)督分類法,提取效果明顯但都不具有普適性。面向?qū)ο蠖喑叨确指钐崛》椒苊黠@提高提取精度,面積一致性達(dá)99.58%,能較好地提取具有顯著特征類型的地物。利用該方法對(duì)兩期冰川提取結(jié)果進(jìn)行了冰川變化監(jiān)測(cè)研究,結(jié)果證實(shí)了本實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)冰川正在逐步消融。(3)多時(shí)相SAR的提取結(jié)果優(yōu)于單時(shí)像SAR但不及光學(xué)影像。對(duì)SAR影像的提取研究發(fā)現(xiàn):單幅雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)冰川信息提取效果較差且預(yù)處理操作耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)。對(duì)多時(shí)相雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采用INSAR技術(shù)進(jìn)行干涉分析,對(duì)干涉結(jié)果采用基于紋理特征的分類方法進(jìn)行提取,通過多次反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定選用均值、方差、同質(zhì)性合成影像可分性最強(qiáng)。進(jìn)行監(jiān)督分類得到冰川提取結(jié)果能明顯區(qū)分山體裸體與冰川區(qū),但不能區(qū)分水體與冰川區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The extraction of glacier information is to study the melting of glaciers. The technology of remote sensing has become an essential technique in the extraction of glaciers. The rapid development of remote sensing has formed the characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data. The research is based on multi-source remote sensing data. The existing multi-source remote sensing data can be comprehensively utilized by the glacier extraction method. In order to improve the accuracy of glacier extraction, the method of extracting glacier information based on multi-source remote sensing data is studied in this paper, and optical image is selected. High resolution images and radar images are used to extract the information of the glacier survey in the West Kunlun Mountains. Firstly, the traditional optical remote sensing glacier extraction method is used to carry out the experiment and analysis. Secondly, the glacier extraction method of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is studied. A glacier extraction method based on image fusion is proposed and the corresponding experiments are carried out. The main research results of this paper are summarized as follows: 1) the extraction method based on multi-source remote sensing image fusion is optimal. By comparing the area error ratio of each method, the result shows that the error of first fusion and then classification is obviously reduced. The error ratio based on the fusion of Landsat and IRS-P5 is only 0.15%. The object oriented method is the best extraction method for optical image. Ratio method, snow cover index method, unsupervised classification and supervised classification method. The extraction effect is obvious but not universal. Object-Oriented multi-scale segmentation and extraction method can significantly improve the accuracy of the extraction area consistency up to 99.58%. The method is used to study the glacier change monitoring of the two periods of glacier extraction results. The results confirm that the glaciers in this experimental area are gradually melting. The extraction result of multitemporal SAR is better than that of monochronous SAR but less than that of optical image. It is found that the extraction of SAR image is better than that of optical image. The extraction effect of glacier information from single radar data is poor and the pretreatment time is long. The interference analysis of multi-phase radar data is carried out by using INSAR technology. The interference results are extracted by texture feature based classification method, and the mean value and variance are determined by repeated experiments. The results of glacial extraction can distinguish the naked mountain body from the glacier area, but it can not distinguish the water body from the glacial region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P237;P343.6
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