巖石三階彈性模量與加壓鉆孔孔周聲速分布的實驗探究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-09 21:27
【摘要】：聲彈性理論的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用為地下應(yīng)力的檢測提供了新的途徑，在有限（非無限�。╈o應(yīng)力引起的非線性形變體上激發(fā)小擾動波場是典型的非線性聲學(xué)中的聲彈性問題。在非線性聲學(xué)中，介質(zhì)的三階彈性模量是非常重要的參數(shù)。依據(jù)聲彈理論，油氣儲層巖石的三階彈性常數(shù)直接關(guān)系到聲速和地應(yīng)力的敏感性，因此近年來巖石三階彈性模量的測量一直是一個比較重要的課題，受到諸多學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究。另外，如果顧及非線性靜形變，地應(yīng)力將誘導(dǎo)出介質(zhì)等效各向異性,而當(dāng)存在鉆孔的介質(zhì)受應(yīng)力作用時會出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中的問題，從而影響孔周的聲速分布，這為我們提供了獲取應(yīng)力信息的機會，為此近年來開展了諸多的理論和實驗工作。而受應(yīng)力作用井孔的聲速分布實驗測量，國內(nèi)外主要是開展了裸眼井縱波速度分布，對于橫波速度分布，以及套管聲速分布尚未見報道。本文正是針對以上兩個方面的問題開展了巖石三階彈性模量的測量與加壓鉆孔孔周聲速分布的實驗探究工作。 首先，推導(dǎo)了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的各向異性場方程--Piola-Kirchhoff方程和在任意三軸應(yīng)力作用下誘導(dǎo)的等效彈性模量，由運動方程和平面波解給出相應(yīng)的Christoffel方程導(dǎo)出了群速度。并數(shù)值計算和分析在三維應(yīng)力作用下沿任意方向的相速度。數(shù)值結(jié)果表明：單軸應(yīng)力作用下的介質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)橫向各向同性的特征,而雙軸不等應(yīng)力作用的介質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)正交各向異性特性；三軸不等應(yīng)力作用下的介質(zhì)也呈現(xiàn)正交各向異的特征，但在相同水平應(yīng)力作用下，第三軸應(yīng)力的出現(xiàn)使介質(zhì)相速度的方位各向異性減弱。 其次，通過雙發(fā)雙收脈沖信號，在單軸加載條件下測量沿銹石巖樣厚度方向傳播的縱波，偏振與加載方向垂直以及平行的橫波速隨應(yīng)力的變化來實現(xiàn)巖石三階模量的反演。由此依據(jù)聲彈公式獲取了三個獨立的三階彈性常數(shù)（共十組），進一步通過最小二乘法獲得相對高精度的三個獨立的三階彈性常數(shù)，利用所得到的三個獨立的三階彈性常數(shù)來推導(dǎo)單軸應(yīng)力作用下的縱波以及橫波波速的數(shù)值，所得數(shù)值與實驗測量值幾乎相同，從而驗證了此種反演方法的可行性。 最后，通過雙發(fā)雙收脈沖信號，在單軸加載條件下測量鉆孔尼龍孔周的縱波、兩個橫波波速，實驗結(jié)果表明加載鉆孔孔周波速的最大、最小方向分別對應(yīng)著加載樣品的最小、最大主應(yīng)力方向。Winkler在1996曾設(shè)計實驗，得到縱波速度的分布符合這種規(guī)律，本文則證實了橫波速度的分布同樣符合。因此，該方法可以簡單直觀的確定水平主應(yīng)力的方向。然后，在鉆孔的尼龍樣品的孔壁上黏合上鋼管，，與未加鋼管的樣品一樣，對其施加單軸壓力，并且測量孔附近的縱波、偏振方向與單軸應(yīng)力方向分別垂直與平行的兩個橫波波速隨方位角的變化，整理分析其結(jié)果，與未加鋼管的結(jié)果做對比。結(jié)果顯示加上套管之后，速度的極值位置發(fā)生變化，速度的分布也更為復(fù)雜。
[Abstract]:The development and application of the acoustic elasticity theory provide a new way for the detection of the underground stress, and the excitation of the small-disturbance wave field on the nonlinear-shaped variant caused by the finite (non-infinitesimal) static stress is a typical acoustic-elastic problem in the non-linear acoustics. In non-linear acoustics, the third-order elastic modulus of the medium is a very important parameter. According to the acoustic-elastic theory, the third-order elastic constant of the oil-gas reservoir rock is directly related to the sensitivity of the sound speed and the in-situ stress, so the measurement of the third-order elastic modulus of the rock has been a relatively important subject in recent years, and is subject to the attention and the research of many scholars. in addition, if that non-linear static deformation is taken into account, the geostress will induce the equivalent anisotropy of the medium, In this regard, many theories and experiments have been carried out in recent years. The velocity distribution of longitudinal wave in the open hole is mainly carried out at home and abroad, and the distribution of the transverse wave velocity and the distribution of the sound velocity of the casing have not been reported. In this paper, the third-order elastic modulus measurement of the rock and the experimental investigation on the velocity distribution of the hole of the pressurized drilling hole are carried out in the light of the above two aspects. First, the stress-induced anisotropic field equation--Piola-Kirchhoff's equation and the equivalent elastic modulus induced by any three-axis stress are derived. The phase velocity in any direction under the action of three-dimensional stress. The numerical results show that the medium under the action of uniaxial stress presents the characteristics of lateral isotropy, and the medium with biaxial stress does not exhibit the characteristics of orthotropic anisotropy, and the medium under the action of three-axis unequal stress also presents the characteristic of the orthogonal anisotropy, but at the same horizontal stress Under the condition of the third axial stress, the orientation anisotropy of the velocity of the medium is reduced. Weak. Second, the third-order modulus of the rock is realized by measuring the longitudinal wave, the polarization and the loading direction, and the variation of the parallel transverse wave velocity with the stress under the uniaxial loading condition. In this paper, three independent third-order elastic constants (10 sets) are obtained according to the acoustic-bomb formula, and three independent third-order elastic constants with relatively high precision are obtained by the least square method. Based on the three independent third-order elastic constants obtained, the numerical values of the longitudinal wave and the wave velocity of the shear wave are derived by using the three independent third-order elastic constants, and the obtained values are almost the same as those of the experimental measurements, so that the inversion method is proved. In the end, the longitudinal wave and the two transverse wave velocities of the drilling nylon hole are measured under the single-axis loading condition by double-transmitting and double-receiving pulse signals. The results show that the maximum and the minimum directions of the wave velocity of the loading hole are the minimum and the maximum of the loading samples, respectively. The direction of the principal stress. Winkler designed the experiment in 1996 to obtain the distribution of longitudinal wave velocity. The cloth is also in line with. Therefore, the method can be simple and intuitive to determine the horizontal master. and then, the steel pipe is bonded on the hole wall of the nylon sample of the drilling hole, the uniaxial pressure is applied to the steel pipe without the steel pipe, and the longitudinal wave, the polarization direction and the uniaxial stress direction in the vicinity of the measuring hole are respectively perpendicular to the parallel two transverse wave wave velocity The change of a steel tube, the result of which is analyzed and the result is compared with that of a non-steel tube. The results show that the extreme position of the velocity is changed and the velocity distribution after the addition of the casing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P634.1
本文編號：2495915
[Abstract]:The development and application of the acoustic elasticity theory provide a new way for the detection of the underground stress, and the excitation of the small-disturbance wave field on the nonlinear-shaped variant caused by the finite (non-infinitesimal) static stress is a typical acoustic-elastic problem in the non-linear acoustics. In non-linear acoustics, the third-order elastic modulus of the medium is a very important parameter. According to the acoustic-elastic theory, the third-order elastic constant of the oil-gas reservoir rock is directly related to the sensitivity of the sound speed and the in-situ stress, so the measurement of the third-order elastic modulus of the rock has been a relatively important subject in recent years, and is subject to the attention and the research of many scholars. in addition, if that non-linear static deformation is taken into account, the geostress will induce the equivalent anisotropy of the medium, In this regard, many theories and experiments have been carried out in recent years. The velocity distribution of longitudinal wave in the open hole is mainly carried out at home and abroad, and the distribution of the transverse wave velocity and the distribution of the sound velocity of the casing have not been reported. In this paper, the third-order elastic modulus measurement of the rock and the experimental investigation on the velocity distribution of the hole of the pressurized drilling hole are carried out in the light of the above two aspects. First, the stress-induced anisotropic field equation--Piola-Kirchhoff's equation and the equivalent elastic modulus induced by any three-axis stress are derived. The phase velocity in any direction under the action of three-dimensional stress. The numerical results show that the medium under the action of uniaxial stress presents the characteristics of lateral isotropy, and the medium with biaxial stress does not exhibit the characteristics of orthotropic anisotropy, and the medium under the action of three-axis unequal stress also presents the characteristic of the orthogonal anisotropy, but at the same horizontal stress Under the condition of the third axial stress, the orientation anisotropy of the velocity of the medium is reduced. Weak. Second, the third-order modulus of the rock is realized by measuring the longitudinal wave, the polarization and the loading direction, and the variation of the parallel transverse wave velocity with the stress under the uniaxial loading condition. In this paper, three independent third-order elastic constants (10 sets) are obtained according to the acoustic-bomb formula, and three independent third-order elastic constants with relatively high precision are obtained by the least square method. Based on the three independent third-order elastic constants obtained, the numerical values of the longitudinal wave and the wave velocity of the shear wave are derived by using the three independent third-order elastic constants, and the obtained values are almost the same as those of the experimental measurements, so that the inversion method is proved. In the end, the longitudinal wave and the two transverse wave velocities of the drilling nylon hole are measured under the single-axis loading condition by double-transmitting and double-receiving pulse signals. The results show that the maximum and the minimum directions of the wave velocity of the loading hole are the minimum and the maximum of the loading samples, respectively. The direction of the principal stress. Winkler designed the experiment in 1996 to obtain the distribution of longitudinal wave velocity. The cloth is also in line with. Therefore, the method can be simple and intuitive to determine the horizontal master. and then, the steel pipe is bonded on the hole wall of the nylon sample of the drilling hole, the uniaxial pressure is applied to the steel pipe without the steel pipe, and the longitudinal wave, the polarization direction and the uniaxial stress direction in the vicinity of the measuring hole are respectively perpendicular to the parallel two transverse wave wave velocity The change of a steel tube, the result of which is analyzed and the result is compared with that of a non-steel tube. The results show that the extreme position of the velocity is changed and the velocity distribution after the addition of the casing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P634.1
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 田家勇;滿元鵬;齊輝;;巖石三階彈性模量的高精度測定研究[J];巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報;2010年S2期
2 王欣;陳浩;;關(guān)于巖石三階彈性常數(shù)的超聲測量方法[J];應(yīng)用聲學(xué);2012年05期
本文編號：2495915
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