【摘要】：本論文以沉積學、層序地層學和數(shù)學地質學理論為指導,深入研究了相控的基準面旋回控制下,地層層序格架中儲層發(fā)育和展布規(guī)律,為油氣藏成藏規(guī)律的研究及油氣精細勘探提供指導。以大量的鉆井資料、測井資料、地震資料、結合地質露頭剖面為第一手研究材料,在沉積體系及基準面旋回層序地層研究的基礎上,將相控沉積學與數(shù)學建模緊密結合,充分利用各種地質變量,特別是利用砂體展布關聯(lián)度較為密切的儲層地質學變量,來建立層序格架中儲集體分布的準確地質模型�；诰_地質模型,在基準面旋回層序格架中研究儲層的發(fā)育和展布規(guī)律,對目標儲層會有更清晰的認識,提高了儲層預測的準確性,從而對研究區(qū)油氣成藏規(guī)律的認識,加強對老油氣區(qū)精細勘探,進一步提高了油氣田區(qū)滾動勘探的成功率具有一定的指導意義。論文的研究思路,是對傳統(tǒng)層序地層學理論的繼承和發(fā)展。深入研究了Vail理論、Galloway理論、Johnson理論和Cross理論的技術精髓和應用的實用性和局限性。認為前三者重點強調海平面的變化是控制地層層序形成和相分布的主要機制,對于陸相地層的研究受到一定限制。Cross理論,強調的是基準面原理,它同時適用于海相地層和陸相地層,我國近年來油氣勘探的實踐表明,這一理論和方法,更適用于未受海(湖)平面升降直接控制的沖積扇、河流三角州、海底扇等陸相沉積體系的精細劃分和對比。但它對于一些特殊的沉積體系,如有關深層基巖風化殼的層序劃分又有一定的局限性。因此,在傳統(tǒng)層序地層學理論的指導下,引入相控沉積學的研究方法,利用沉積相帶的模式,結合Cross的基準面旋回層序地層學理論,進行劃分和對比建立其層序地層的模型,再利用數(shù)學地質建模的方法,建立層序格架中儲集體分布的準確地質模型,使儲層預測研究準確性大大提高。在相控的基準面旋回層序地層學理論指導下,對研究工區(qū)南蘇門答臘盆地構造演化和沉積演化入手,劃分三級層序地層格架,分析不同層序沉積體系、沉積相特征,預測有利儲集相帶。利用層序地層學和沉積學理論研究南蘇門答臘盆地油氣藏組合分析,從而進行油氣藏關系及油氣成藏規(guī)律研究,為油氣田的滾動勘探和合理開發(fā)提供理論基礎和科學依據(jù)。論文依托中國石油重點攻關項目---“海外油氣田勘探與開發(fā)技術研究”(編號Y2013JF8-02)選題“印尼南蘇門答臘盆地層序地層特征與油氣成藏規(guī)律研究”進行研究工作。對構造演化、層序地層劃分、沉積體系研究、儲層預測及油氣藏關系等方面進行綜合研究,從南蘇門答臘盆地構造及沉積演化入手,劃分三級層序地層格架,分析不同層序沉積相特征;把層序地層學和沉積學理論有機結合,對盆地油氣藏組合進行分析,預測有利儲集相帶,深化了油氣成藏規(guī)律的認識,提出了地層-巖性油氣藏的識別方法及勘探思路,并指導了研究區(qū)的油氣勘探。主要開展了以下研究工作:區(qū)域構造特征及其構造演化特征分析;鉆井分層、地震層序地層格架的建立;層序體系域構成特征與沉積充填演化研究;主要含油氣層系層序界面特征研究;地震相、沉積相及其展布特征研究;地震屬性分析,儲層反演預及測評價;地層-巖性油氣藏識別與平價;地震頻率的響應特征分析及油氣檢測研究;層序地層特征與油氣成藏規(guī)律研究;滾動勘探目標評價與油氣田精細勘探。在以上研究工作的基礎上,取得了以下主要創(chuàng)新點及應用效果:1、解決了研究區(qū)長期“儲層認識不清”的瓶頸問題。在區(qū)域構造背景與盆地演化、沉積演化特征研究,以基準面旋回層序地層學理論為指導,在單井旋回分析及多井層序對比研究的基礎上,進行研究區(qū)的層序地層劃分,并采用確定性建模與隨機性建模相結合的方法,建立研究區(qū)層序界定下的儲層相控模型,進而建立目標層精確地質模型。在此基礎上研究目標層的沉積相帶展布特征,對層序界面內的儲層進行準確預測。2、創(chuàng)建形成了一套“相控層序地層”控制下的儲層預測、油氣藏關系及成藏規(guī)律的研究方法。利用研究區(qū)層序界定下的相控層序模型及井筒資料、地震屬性特征在儲層預測與油氣藏認知中的作用,結合鉆井綜合分析,對油氣勘探的目標層系及重點靶區(qū),建立儲層預測和油氣藏描述的量化模型,認為該區(qū)油氣成藏規(guī)律為:除西部大型構造油氣藏外,中部凹陷區(qū)及東部斜坡區(qū)存在大量的地層-巖性油氣藏,明確了下步油氣滾動勘探和精細勘探的方向。形成了一套行之有效的儲層識別、油氣藏認知及油氣藏精細勘探的新思路、新方法。3、總結形成一套“層序控制沉積、沉積確定儲層、儲層決定油氣藏”的地層-巖性油氣成藏模式。提出地層-巖性油氣藏勘探思路和工作方法,并在實際工作中不斷完善。在研究區(qū)的油氣精細勘探中研究中,將層序地層學、沉積學和儲層研究有機結合,較大的提高了目標層儲層預測精度,增強了地層-巖性油氣藏的認知度,有效的指導了油氣精細勘探,取得良好效果。通過研究成果的應用及實施,使該區(qū)塊油氣產量從中石油進入時的200多萬噸油當量,上升到2010年高峰期的近600萬噸油當量,并近幾年每年油氣產量維持在500萬噸油當量左右。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and mathematical geology, this paper deeply studies the development and distribution of the reservoir in the layer-by-layer sequential grid under the control of the phase-controlled base level cycle, and provides guidance for the study of reservoir formation law and the fine exploration of oil and gas. Based on a large number of drilling data, well-logging data and seismic data, combined with the geological outcrop section as the first-hand research material, the phase-controlled deposition is closely combined with the mathematical modeling on the basis of the study of the sedimentary system and the reference-level cycle sequence stratigraphy, and various geological variables are fully utilized, In particular, the accurate geological model of the reservoir collective distribution in the sequence framework is established by using the reservoir geology variable which is closely related to the distribution of the sand body. Based on the precise geological model, the development and distribution of the reservoir are studied in the base level cycle sequence framework, and the target reservoir can be more clearly recognized, the accuracy of the reservoir prediction is improved, And the success rate of rolling and exploration in the oil-gas field area is further improved. The research idea of the paper is the inheritance and development of the traditional sequence stratigraphy theory. The utility and limitations of the Vail theory, the Galloway theory, the Johnson's theory and the Cross theory are deeply studied. The former three points stress that the change of sea level is the main mechanism to control the formation and distribution of the layer-by-layer sequence, and the study on the continental strata is limited. Cross theory, it is emphasized that the principle of the reference plane is applicable to the marine and continental strata, and the practice of oil and gas exploration in recent years has shown that this theory and method are more applicable to the alluvial fan and the river delta which are not directly controlled by the elevation of the sea (lake) plane. The fine division and contrast of the land-phase deposition system, such as the submarine fan. But it has some limitations for some special sedimentary system, such as the sequence division of the deep bedrock weathering crust. Therefore, under the guidance of the theory of the traditional sequence stratigraphy, the research method of phase-controlled deposition is introduced, and the model of the sequence formation is divided and compared by using the model of the sedimentary facies belt and the reference plane cycle sequence stratigraphy of the Cross, and then the method of the mathematical geological modeling is used. The accurate geological model of the reservoir collective distribution in the sequence framework is established, so that the accuracy of the reservoir prediction research is greatly improved. The three-level sequence stratigraphic framework is divided into three-level sequence stratigraphic framework to analyze the sedimentary system and sedimentary facies of the South Sumatra Basin in the south of the study area under the guidance of the phase-controlled reference-level cycle sequence stratigraphy, and the favorable reservoir facies belt is predicted. By using the theory of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology to study the combination analysis of the oil and gas reservoirs in the South Sumatra Basin, the relationship between the oil and gas and the law of oil and gas accumulation are studied, and the theoretical basis and the scientific basis for the rolling exploration and rational development of the oil and gas field are provided. This paper is based on the research work of the "Sequence Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia" of the key project of China's oil key--"Research on the Exploration and Development of the Overseas Oil and Gas Field" (No. Y2013JF8-02). The three-level sequence stratigraphic framework is divided into three-level sequence stratigraphic framework, and the characteristics of sedimentary facies of different sequences are analyzed. By combining the sequence stratigraphy and the theory of sedimentology, the combination of the basin and gas reservoirs is analyzed, the favorable reservoir facies belt is predicted, the understanding of the oil and gas accumulation law is deepened, the identification method and the exploration idea of the formation-lithologic reservoir are put forward, and the oil and gas exploration in the research area is also guided. The following research work is carried out: the characteristics of regional structure and its structural evolution characteristics; the establishment of the stratigraphic framework of the drilling, the formation of the seismic sequence stratigraphic framework, the formation of the sequence system and the evolution of the sedimentary filling, the study of the sequence boundary of the main oil-gas-bearing strata, and the seismic facies, Study on sedimentary facies and its distribution characteristics; seismic attribute analysis, reservoir inversion and evaluation; formation-lithological reservoir identification and parities; response characteristics of seismic frequency and oil and gas detection; sequence stratigraphy and oil and gas accumulation law; The evaluation of rolling exploration targets and the fine exploration of oil and gas fields. On the basis of the above research work, the following main innovation points and application effects are obtained:1. The bottleneck problem of long-term "Lack of understanding of reservoir" in the research area is solved. Based on the analysis of single well cycle and multi-well sequence comparison, the sequence stratigraphic division of the study area is carried out based on the analysis of single well cycle and the comparative study of multi-well sequence. Based on the method of the combination of the deterministic modeling and the stochastic modeling, the reservoir phase control model under the study area sequence is established, and the accurate geological model of the target layer is established. On this basis, the distribution characteristics of the sedimentary facies of the target layer are studied, and the reservoir in the sequence interface is predicted accurately.2. The study method of reservoir prediction, oil-gas reservoir relation and the reservoir-forming rule under a set of "facies-controlled sequence stratigraphy" control is created. A quantitative model of reservoir prediction and reservoir description is established by using the phase-controlled sequence model and well bore data and the characteristics of the seismic attributes in the reservoir prediction and the reservoir cognition by using the phase-controlled sequence model and well bore data in the study area sequence, combining the drilling comprehensive analysis, the target layer and the key target area of the oil and gas exploration, and establishing a reservoir prediction and reservoir description quantitative model, It is considered that the oil and gas accumulation in this area is: in addition to the large-scale tectonic oil and gas reservoir in the west, there is a large amount of formation-lithologic reservoir in the middle and eastern slope areas, and the direction of oil and gas rolling and fine exploration in the next step is defined. A new method and new method for reservoir identification, oil and gas reservoir cognition and fine exploration of oil and gas reservoir are formed, and a set of "Sequence-controlled deposition, sedimentary determination of reservoir and reservoir-determined oil and gas reservoir" formation-lithological and oil-gas accumulation model is summarized. The exploration ideas and working methods of the formation-lithological oil and gas reservoir are put forward, and it is continuously improved in the practical work. In the study of the fine exploration of oil and gas in the research area, the sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and reservoir study are combined organically, the prediction precision of the target layer is greatly improved, the cognition of the formation-lithologic reservoir is enhanced, the fine exploration of the oil and gas is effectively guided, and good effects are obtained. Through the application and implementation of the research results, the oil and gas production of the block is increased to over 2 million tons of oil equivalent of the oil in the middle of 2010, up to nearly 6 million tons of oil equivalent in the peak period of 2010, and the oil and gas production in the last few years is maintained at about 5 million tons of oil equivalent.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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