【摘要】：近年來,隨著世界工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,石油、煤等化石能源日益枯竭,天然氣水合物作為未來新型的化石能源受到了世界各國(guó)的廣泛關(guān)注。羌塘盆地是我國(guó)陸域天然氣水合物最有利的成藏區(qū)域之一,其永久凍土層廣泛發(fā)育,作為陸域天然氣水合物形成的必要條件,永久凍土層是開展水合物地球物理調(diào)查的首要目標(biāo)體。音頻大地電磁測(cè)深(AMT)可以探測(cè)從幾米到1000 m以上深度地質(zhì)體的電性分布特征,而永久凍土層和天然氣水合物與圍巖存在明顯的電性差異。因此,在羌塘盆地天然氣水合物的有利成藏區(qū)域開展AMT試驗(yàn)研究,能為我國(guó)陸域天然氣水合物的調(diào)查研究提供借鑒。本文首先根據(jù)多年凍土層和天然氣水合物的電性特征,構(gòu)建了簡(jiǎn)單的地球物理理論模型進(jìn)行研究。通過對(duì)地電模型的正反演數(shù)值模擬,研究了AMT對(duì)凍土層的識(shí)別效果,并對(duì)比分析了TE模式和TM模式的理論模擬數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)永久凍土層和淺層構(gòu)造的分辨能力及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。從理論上總結(jié)了AMT對(duì)凍土層及其覆蓋下地質(zhì)構(gòu)造的電性反應(yīng)特征,為實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理和解釋提供了理論依據(jù);然后通過詳細(xì)對(duì)比實(shí)測(cè)資料TE模式和TM模式下的勘查效果,分析了兩種模式的反演結(jié)果在識(shí)別凍土層和構(gòu)造方面的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明:無論TE模式還是TM模式,反演結(jié)果對(duì)凍土層的識(shí)別效果都很理想,而且對(duì)于淺部構(gòu)造的識(shí)別,兩種模式都表現(xiàn)出各自的特點(diǎn);最后根據(jù)反演解釋結(jié)果,推斷了區(qū)內(nèi)永久凍土層的厚度和斷層的分布情況,并初步推測(cè)了天然氣水合物的有利成藏位置,為該區(qū)天然氣水合物的成礦潛力及資源評(píng)價(jià)提供了地球物理依據(jù)。最后,總結(jié)了AMT在凍土區(qū)天然氣水合物勘查方面的效果和不足,并針對(duì)研究及成文過程中遇到的問題進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真的思考,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)未來研究工作做了展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization in the world, oil, coal and other fossil energy is increasingly exhausted. Natural gas hydrate as a new type of fossil energy in the future has been widely concerned by all countries in the world. Qiangtang Basin is one of the most favorable reservoir forming areas for natural gas hydrate in the continental region of China. Its permafrost layer is widely developed as a necessary condition for the formation of natural gas hydrate in the continental region. Permafrost layer is the primary target of hydrate geophysical investigation. Audio magnetotelluric bathymetric (AMT) can detect the electrical distribution characteristics of geological bodies from several meters to more than 1000 m depth, but there is obvious electrical difference between permafrost layer and natural gas hydrate and surrounding rock. Therefore, the AMT experimental study in the favorable reservoir forming area of natural gas hydrate in Qiangtang Basin can be used for reference for the investigation and study of natural gas hydrate in the continental region of China. In this paper, a simple geophysical theoretical model is constructed according to the electrical characteristics of permafrost and natural gas hydrate. Through the forward and inverse numerical simulation of geoelectric model, the recognition effect of AMT on frozen soil layer is studied, and the resolution ability, advantages and disadvantages of TE model and TM model to permafrost layer and shallow structure are compared and analyzed. The electrical response characteristics of AMT to frozen soil layer and its covered geological structure are summarized theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the processing and interpretation of measured data. Then, by comparing the exploration results of the measured data TE model and TM model in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the inversion results of the two models in identifying frozen soil layer and structure are analyzed. The results show that the inversion results are ideal for the recognition of frozen soil layer, and the two models show their own characteristics for the recognition of shallow structures, whether TE model or TM model. Finally, according to the results of inversion interpretation, the thickness of permafrost layer and the distribution of faults in the area are inferred, and the favorable reservoir forming position of natural gas hydrate is preliminarily deduced. It provides geophysical basis for metallogenic potential and resource evaluation of natural gas hydrate in this area. Finally, the effect and deficiency of AMT in natural gas hydrate exploration in permafrost area are summarized, and the problems encountered in the process of research and writing are seriously considered, on the basis of which the future research work is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.325

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