發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-12 04:16

【摘要】：“5·12”汶川特大地震誘發(fā)滑坡災(zāi)害多達(dá)15000多處,其中大型地震滑坡300余處。牛圈溝滑坡為典型的大型高速遠(yuǎn)程滑坡,該滑坡不僅規(guī)模巨大,而且呈現(xiàn)出許多與通常重力環(huán)境下產(chǎn)生的滑坡災(zāi)害迥異的特點(diǎn),如觸發(fā)地面震動(dòng)、超常的高速拋射、異常高的流動(dòng)性、超長(zhǎng)的滑距等。本文通過研究牛圈溝高速滑坡的滑動(dòng)特征,提出強(qiáng)震條件下牛圈溝高速滑坡的形成機(jī)理,認(rèn)為其形成與滑坡體、滑床間的特殊部位—“鎖固段”(類似于發(fā)震斷裂帶中應(yīng)力集中的“鎖固段”部位)突然被剪斷的過程有關(guān)。由“鎖固段”的突然剪斷而觸發(fā)的地面震動(dòng),我們稱之為“滑坡地震”,并認(rèn)為滑坡地震為牛圈溝滑坡啟程劇動(dòng)的重要產(chǎn)生機(jī)理�；碌卣鸬恼鹪淳驮诨w和滑床之間,對(duì)滑體啟動(dòng)方式及加速度具有零距離的直接影響,是發(fā)生啟程劇動(dòng)的最根本原因。據(jù)此,本文認(rèn)為滑坡地震的產(chǎn)生是牛圈溝高速滑坡形成的本質(zhì)機(jī)理,是滑體能夠高速拋射的先決條件。(1)采用M.wyss方法估算滑坡地震震級(jí)及其釋放的能量；通過理論計(jì)算,得出滑坡的啟程速度及啟動(dòng)加速度的大�。�(2)運(yùn)用有限元軟件,對(duì)牛圈溝滑坡啟動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,模擬滑坡發(fā)生滑動(dòng)的過程,得出牛圈溝滑坡啟程劇動(dòng)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論。(3)利用滑坡模型試驗(yàn)研究鎖固段的面積大小在滑坡地震產(chǎn)生過程對(duì)滑體的影響,得到牛圈溝滑坡啟程速度和鎖固段之間的關(guān)系。世界上有關(guān)“滑坡地震”誘發(fā)自身高速滑動(dòng)的研究少有報(bào)道。本論文從牛圈溝高速滑坡入手,提出了牛圈溝大型高速滑坡啟程劇動(dòng)機(jī)理的“滑坡地震”解釋,不僅為該高速滑坡的研究提供了新的思路,還對(duì)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防治具有指導(dǎo)性意義。
[Abstract]:There are more than 15000 landslides caused by the "May 12" Wenchuan earthquake, of which more than 15000 are large earthquakes. Niuqiangou landslide is a typical large-scale high-speed remote landslide. The landslide not only has a large scale, but also presents many characteristics that are very different from the landslide disasters produced in the usual gravity environment, such as trigger ground vibration and extraordinary high-speed ejection. Unusually high liquidity, ultra-long slippage, etc. By studying the sliding characteristics of Niuyuanggou high-speed landslide, this paper puts forward the formation mechanism of Niuyuanggou high-speed landslide under strong earthquake conditions, and considers its formation and landslide body. The process of sudden shear of the "locked section" (similar to the "locked section" of the stress concentration in the seismogenic fault zone) is related to the special position between the sliding beds. The ground vibration triggered by the sudden shear of the "locking section" is called "landslide earthquake", and it is considered that the landslide earthquake is an important mechanism for the beginning of Niuqiangou landslide. The focal point of the landslide earthquake lies between the slide body and the slide bed, which has a direct effect on the start-up mode and acceleration of the slide body, which is the most fundamental reason for the onset of the upheaval. Based on this, it is considered that the occurrence of landslide earthquake is the essential mechanism of Niuqiangou high speed landslide formation, and it is a prerequisite for the high speed ejection of slide body. (1) M.wyss method is used to estimate the magnitude of landslide earthquake and the energy released by it. Through theoretical calculation, the starting speed and starting acceleration of the landslide are obtained. (2) the start-up process of Niuqanggou landslide is simulated by finite element software, and the sliding process of landslide is simulated. The related data and conclusions of Niuqianggou landslide are obtained. (3) the influence of the area of locking section on the sliding body in the process of landslide earthquake is studied by using landslide model test. The relationship between the starting speed of Niuqanggou landslide and the locking section is obtained. There are few reports about the high speed sliding induced by landslide earthquake in the world. Starting with the Niuqanggou high speed landslide, this paper puts forward the "landslide earthquake" explanation of the starting mechanism of the Niuqanggou large high speed landslide, which not only provides a new idea for the study of the high speed landslide. It is also of guiding significance to the prevention and control of geological disasters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22

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