【摘要】：太原盆地地處山西省中部,是我國重要的煤炭能源基地,同時也是我國典型的水資源缺乏地區(qū)。近年來,隨著這區(qū)內(nèi)社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,地下水超采越來越嚴重,由此引發(fā)了嚴重的地面沉降。地面沉降是一種世界普遍存在的緩變型地質(zhì)災害,造成的危害具有隱蔽性和長期性,嚴重制約了經(jīng)濟社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。如何有效防治地面沉降成為一個研究熱點。太原盆地是我國地面沉降災害典型代表,前人做了大量的定性研究,達成了一致共識:地下水超采是引發(fā)太原盆地地面沉降的最主要原因。但對這樣一個復雜的流固耦合問題僅僅從定性角度研究還遠遠不夠,建立地下水—地面沉降耦合數(shù)值模型進行定量研究對太原盆地地下水合理開發(fā)利用及防治太原盆地地面沉降有著重要的指導意義。本文應用Terzaghi有效應力原理,研究了地下水流和土體變形耦合的機理,在忽略土體水平形變的基礎上,建立了三維地下水流和垂向一維土體變形耦合模型,并進行了模型校正、驗證,最終確定了模型參數(shù)。最后,利用所建模型對現(xiàn)狀開采條件下未來20年太原盆地地下水水位及地面沉降情況進行預測,并提出三種地下水合理開采方案:(1)限采區(qū)地下水壓采50%。(2)壓采的基礎上進行地下水回灌。(3)調(diào)整地下水開采層位。對三種方案分別建立預測模型進行模擬計算,并對預測結(jié)果進行分析,結(jié)果三種方案都能減緩地面沉降速率,其中,方案二控沉效果最為明顯。
[Abstract]:Taiyuan Basin is located in the central part of Shanxi Province. It is an important coal energy base in China, and is also a typical lack of water resources in China. In recent years, with the development of social economy in this area, groundwater overproduction is becoming more and more serious, which leads to serious land subsidence. Land subsidence is a kind of gentle geological disaster which is common in the world. The harm caused by it is hidden and long-term, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of economy and society. How to effectively prevent and control land subsidence has become a research hotspot. Taiyuan Basin is a typical representative of land subsidence disaster in China. Many qualitative studies have been done and a consensus has been reached that groundwater overproduction is the main cause of ground subsidence in Taiyuan Basin. However, it is far from enough to study such a complex fluid-solid coupling problem from a qualitative perspective. It is of great significance to establish the coupled numerical model of groundwater and ground subsidence for rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater in Taiyuan Basin and to prevent and cure the ground subsidence in Taiyuan Basin. In this paper, the coupling mechanism of groundwater flow and soil deformation is studied by using the Terzaghi effective stress principle. On the basis of ignoring the horizontal deformation of soil, the coupling model of three-dimensional groundwater flow and vertical one-dimensional soil deformation is established, and the model correction is carried out. Finally, the model parameters are determined. Finally, the groundwater level and ground subsidence in Taiyuan Basin in the next 20 years are predicted by using the established model. Three reasonable groundwater exploitation schemes are put forward: (1) groundwater pressure recovery in limited mining area, (2) groundwater recharge on the basis of pressure extraction, and (3) adjustment of groundwater exploitation horizon. The three schemes were simulated and calculated by establishing prediction models, and the predicted results were analyzed. The results show that all three schemes can slow down the land subsidence rate, among which the effect of the second scheme is the most obvious.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.26

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