【摘要】：素有化石寶庫(kù)之稱(chēng)的山旺盆地,其形成沉積時(shí)限一直模糊不清,缺乏地質(zhì)時(shí)間標(biāo)尺研究,盆地沉積充填演化及古環(huán)境方面的研究只得到了一些簡(jiǎn)單的認(rèn)識(shí)。本文以山旺盆地景觀剖面和角巖山地層剖面為研究對(duì)象。在詳細(xì)的基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,首先通過(guò)對(duì)山旺盆地山旺組古地磁特征研究,確立了山旺盆地磁性地層年代,建立了準(zhǔn)確的年代框架,分析了山旺盆地成盆前后和沉積充填階段構(gòu)造旋轉(zhuǎn)量和漂移量。其次,對(duì)盆地進(jìn)行充填演化分析,分析山旺盆地主要沉積地層沉積相,劃分了盆地充填演化階段,由元素地球化學(xué)特征,恢復(fù)了山旺盆地古環(huán)境。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)研究證實(shí)山旺盆地為典型的瑪珥湖盆地。根據(jù)山旺組硅藻土地層精細(xì)古地磁測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合上下地層古地磁極性,確定了山旺盆地地層磁極性變化序列,通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)極性柱和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)極性柱進(jìn)行對(duì)比,并結(jié)合紋層沉積速率,得到可靠的磁性地層年齡:山旺組二段以及上部三段的形成年齡大致從18.524 MaB.P.～18.056MaB.P.,沉積時(shí)間略小于0.468Ma。山旺組二段硅藻頁(yè)巖從18.524MaB.P.開(kāi)始沉積,沉積時(shí)間應(yīng)該在0.20～0.30Ma之間。整個(gè)山旺盆地山旺組的沉積時(shí)間大致為18.5 Ma B.P.～17.5 MaB.P.之間。(2)由古地磁分析結(jié)果,山旺盆地構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)活躍程度可以劃分為三期:盆地噴發(fā)成盆期,郯廬斷裂帶頻繁活躍,斷裂深切地幔,形成巖漿上涌通道,火山噴發(fā),形成火山盆地;2.盆地穩(wěn)定充填時(shí)期,斷裂活動(dòng)減弱,沉積環(huán)境相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,在火山噴發(fā)后形成的玄武巖基底上形成瑪珥湖,湖中形成適合硅藻生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境;3.盆地噴發(fā)消亡期,由于斷裂活動(dòng)再次活躍,巖漿噴出將山旺盆地覆蓋。(3)通過(guò)剖面實(shí)測(cè)并連續(xù)測(cè)量自然伽馬,發(fā)現(xiàn)連續(xù)自然伽馬曲線與巖性具有較好的響應(yīng)。依據(jù)陸相湖泊及河流沉積相劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)山旺組角巖山地層和景觀剖面地層進(jìn)行研究。將山旺盆地山旺組一段到四段地層劃分出湖泊相、河流相以及火山溢流相。根據(jù)山旺盆地地層由老到新沉積特征,將盆地沉積演化劃分為四個(gè)階段:快速塌陷成盆期、全封閉穩(wěn)定發(fā)展期、半封閉淤塞充填期、消亡期。(4)古環(huán)境演化階段和地層沉積相有較好的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,在某些層位出現(xiàn)的地球化學(xué)指標(biāo)的峰值,記錄了環(huán)境的突變事件,如結(jié)核層的出現(xiàn)。將山旺組主要沉積地層,即山旺組二段和三段古環(huán)境劃分為3個(gè)階段,山旺盆地經(jīng)歷了淺水半咸湖—深水咸水湖—淺水河流的演化過(guò)程。氣候變化由相對(duì)濕熱變?yōu)橄鄬?duì)干冷。
[Abstract]:The sedimentary time limit of Shanwang basin, which is known as the fossil treasure house, has always been vague, and the study of geological time scale is lacking. The study of sedimentary filling evolution and paleoenvironment of the basin has only got some simple understanding. The landscape profile of Shanwang Basin and the stratigraphic profile of Jiao Yan Mountain are taken as research objects in this paper. On the basis of detailed basic geological research, the paleomagnetic characteristics of Shanwang formation in Shanwang Basin are studied at first, and the age of magnetic strata in Shanwang Basin is established, and an accurate chronological framework is established. The tectonic rotation and drift before and after the basin formation and the sedimentary filling stage in Shanwang Basin are analyzed. Secondly, the filling evolution of the basin is analyzed, the main sedimentary facies in Shanwang basin are analyzed, and the filling evolution stage of the basin is divided. The paleoenvironment of Shanwang basin is restored by the geochemical characteristics of elements. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) basic geological studies confirm that Shanwang Basin is a typical Mar Lake basin. According to the fine paleomagnetic survey data of diatomite formation in Shanwang formation and combining with paleomagnetic polarity of upper and lower strata, the series of variation of stratigraphic magnetic polarity in Shanwang basin is determined, and the correlation between measured polarity column and standard polarity column is carried out. The reliable magnetostratigraphic age of the second and upper third member of the Shanwang formation is obtained from the deposition rate of the laminae from 18.524 MaB.P.~18.056MaB.P., to less than 0.468 Ma. The diatom shale of the second member of Shanwang formation was obtained from 18.524 Ma B.P. Start deposition, deposition time should be between 0.20~0.30Ma. The sedimentary time of Shanwang formation in Shanwang Basin is about 18. 5 Ma B.P.~17.5 MaB.P.. (2) from paleomagnetic analysis, the tectonic activity of Shanwang Basin can be divided into three periods: the basin erupts into a basin, the Tanlu fault zone is frequently active, the deep mantle is fractured, the magmatic upwelling passage and the volcanic eruption are formed. Forming volcanic basins; 2. During the stable filling period of the basin, the fault activity was weakened and the sedimentary environment was relatively stable. Maer Lake was formed on the basalt basement formed after the volcanic eruption, and the lake was formed in a suitable environment for the growth of diatoms. 3. During the extinction of the basin eruption, the magma ejected to cover the Shanwang basin due to the reactivity of the fault activity. (3) the continuous natural gamma curve and lithology were found to have a good response through the measured and continuous measurement of the natural gamma rays in the section. According to the criteria of continental lacustrine and river sedimentary facies, this paper studies the hornstone mountain strata and landscape profile stratigraphy of Shanwang formation. The strata of the first to fourth member of Shanwang formation in Shanwang Basin are divided into lacustrine facies, fluvial facies and volcanic overflow facies. According to the characteristics of strata from old to new in Shanwang Basin, the sedimentary evolution of the basin is divided into four stages: the period of rapid collapse, the period of complete closed and stable development, the period of semi-closed silting and filling. (4) the paleoenvironmental evolution stage has a good correspondence with the sedimentary facies. The peak value of geochemical indicators in some layers records the abrupt events of the environment, such as the occurrence of the nodule layer. The main sedimentary strata of Shanwang formation, that is, the second and third member of Shanwang formation, are divided into three stages. The basin has undergone the evolution process of shallow water half salty lake, deep water salt lake and shallow water river. Climate change has changed from relative humid heat to relatively dry and cold.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P318.44;P534.621

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