【摘要】：傷齒龍類(lèi)是手盜龍類(lèi)中較為獨(dú)特的一支,時(shí)代從中侏羅世到晚白堊世,主要分布于亞洲(東部和中部)以及北美地區(qū)。本文基于前人的研究成果,結(jié)合新標(biāo)本,對(duì)中國(guó)傷齒龍類(lèi)的系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)、骨骼形態(tài)、骨組織、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系和古生物地理等方面進(jìn)行了全面深入的評(píng)估與探討。對(duì)已正式發(fā)表的中國(guó)傷齒龍類(lèi)恐龍進(jìn)行概括并通過(guò)詳盡的骨骼形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)比,分別對(duì)這些屬種的鑒定特征進(jìn)行了修訂與補(bǔ)充,對(duì)每個(gè)分類(lèi)群的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究做了簡(jiǎn)要回顧。根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)于中國(guó)遼寧早白堊世義縣組的兩件保存完好的傷齒龍類(lèi)新標(biāo)本,描述并命名為遼寧大連龍(Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.)和柯氏遼寧獵龍(Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.)。利用支序系統(tǒng)學(xué)對(duì)這兩個(gè)屬種分別進(jìn)行了分析,初步結(jié)果顯示,遼寧大連龍與巨齒曲鼻龍(Sinusonasus magnodens)構(gòu)成姊妹群關(guān)系;柯氏遼寧獵龍與短羽始中國(guó)羽龍(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)互為姊妹群。對(duì)描述的新標(biāo)本——遼寧大連龍和柯氏遼寧獵龍進(jìn)行了骨組織學(xué)微觀結(jié)構(gòu)研究。首次在傷齒龍類(lèi)中(或近鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)中)使用高分辨率同步加速顯微斷層成像技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究。根據(jù)其骨組織顯微結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),我們認(rèn)為遼寧大連龍已達(dá)到穩(wěn)定生長(zhǎng)階段,死亡時(shí)年齡至少約4-5歲。對(duì)柯氏遼寧獵龍的骨組織學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),個(gè)體在早期發(fā)育階段生長(zhǎng)迅速。但在由第2區(qū)過(guò)渡到第3區(qū)期間(本文中設(shè)定的分區(qū)),生長(zhǎng)模式呈指數(shù)式下降,這可能與達(dá)到性成熟或出現(xiàn)較差的生理?xiàng)l件有關(guān)。根據(jù)骨組織研究結(jié)果,推測(cè)遼寧獵龍死亡時(shí)至少4歲。本文系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析選取虛骨龍類(lèi)157個(gè)分類(lèi)單元,853個(gè)特征,首次包括了所有中國(guó)傷齒龍類(lèi)14屬14種(包括本文的兩個(gè)新屬,新種)。建立并命名2個(gè)新亞科:中國(guó)獵龍亞科Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov.,包括龍寐(Meilong)、張氏中國(guó)獵龍(Sinovenator changii)、巨齒曲鼻龍(Sinusonasus magnodens)和遼寧大連龍(Daliansaurus liaoningensis);近鳥(niǎo)龍亞科 Anchiorninae subfamily nov.,包括赫氏近鳥(niǎo)龍(Anchiornis huxleyi)、鄭氏曉廷龍(Xiaotingia zhengi)、短羽始中國(guó)羽龍(Eosinopteryx brevipenna)和徐氏曙光鳥(niǎo)(Aurornisx xui)。最后,本文探討了傷齒龍類(lèi)恐龍的生活習(xí)性和古地理分布,提出北美侏羅紀(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的傷齒龍類(lèi)可能與中國(guó)傷齒龍類(lèi)的遷移擴(kuò)散有關(guān),此次擴(kuò)散可能是通過(guò)連接少部分東亞和勞亞大陸的陸橋完成。晚白堊世隨著大陸板塊之間動(dòng)物群交流增加,擴(kuò)散可能更為廣泛,這次擴(kuò)散可能與泛大陸的裂解最終導(dǎo)致蒙古—鄂霍茨克海的關(guān)閉有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The phyllosaurus is a unique branch of the Archaeopteris, which was mainly distributed in Asia (eastern and central) and North America from the Middle Jurassic to the late Cretaceous. Based on the previous research results and new specimens, the systematic classification, bone morphology, bone tissue, phylogenetic relationship and palaeogeography of the Dendrosaurus in China were evaluated and discussed in this paper. In this paper, the authors summarized the published Chinese Dentosaurus dinosaurs and compared their skeletal morphology in detail. The identification characteristics of these genera and species were revised and supplemented respectively, and the phylogenetic studies of each taxa were reviewed briefly. Based on the discovery of two well-preserved new specimens from Yixian formation of early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, China, this paper describes and names Dalian Dragon, Liaoning Province, as (Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.. And Koch's Liaoning Dragonhunting (Liaoningvenator currieigen.etsp.nov.). The two genera and species were analyzed by the branch phylogeny. The preliminary results showed that the relationship between Dalian Dragon and (Sinusonasus magnodens) was a sister group, while the two species (Eosinopteryx brevipenna) were sister groups. The bone histology and microstructure of the new specimens, Dalian dragon and Koch's Liaoning hunting dragon, were studied in this paper. It is the first time that high resolution synchronous accelerated microscopic tomography (HSPM) has been used in the study of Dendrosaurus (or near birds). According to the microstructure of the bone tissue, we think that Dalian dragon in Liaoning Province has reached a stable growth stage, and the age of death is at least 4-5 years old. The bone histology analysis of Liaoning Province showed that the individual grew rapidly at the early stage of development. However, during the transition from region 2 to region 3, the growth pattern decreased exponentially, which may be related to the attainment of sexual maturity or poor physiological conditions. According to the results of bone tissue studies, it is speculated that Liaoning dragon was at least 4 years old when it died. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 157 taxonomic units and 853 characteristics were selected. For the first time, 14 genera and 14 species (including two new genera and new species) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Two new subfamilies were established and named: Sinovenator subfamily Sinovenatorinaesubfamilynov., including Longmei (Meilong), Sinovenator (Sinovenator changii), (Sinusonasus magnodens) and Dalian Dragon (Daliansaurus liaoningensis);, Liaoning Province. The subfamily Anchiorninae subfamily nov., includes (Anchiornis huxleyi), (Anchiornis huxleyi), of Hershniosaurus, Zheng Shixiaolong, (Xiaotingia zhengi), short feathering, and (Aurornisx xui)., a Chinese feathering dragon, and (Aurornisx xui)., Xu's dawning bird. Finally, this paper discusses the life habits and paleogeographic distribution of Dendrosaurus, and points out that the discovery of Echinosaurus in Jurassic in North America may be related to the migration and diffusion of Echinosaurus in China. The spread may have been carried out by a bridge connecting a small part of East Asia to the continent of Laoya. In the late Cretaceous, with the increase of the exchange of fauna between the continental plates, the diffusion may be more extensive, and this diffusion may be related to the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea resulting from the disintegration of the pan-continent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q915

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