多波多分量地震勘探資料波場(chǎng)分離方法研究
[Abstract]:With the increasing requirements of exploration technology, imaging resolution and profile quality, the multi-wave and multi-component exploration technology has become a hot topic in seismic exploration in recent decades. Compared with conventional P-wave exploration, it can obtain more abundant wave field information and more accurate description of underground anisotropic media. At the same time, its technical difficulty and exploration cost have some advantages compared with S-wave exploration. The development of multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration technology is promoted by the maturation of converted wave acquisition technology, but most of the converted wave processing techniques remain at the stage of theoretical experiment and model trial calculation. This is because the process of seismic data processing of converted wave is not perfect enough, and many processing techniques can not be directly transplanted from conventional P-wave processing. Therefore, multi-component data processing technology has not been applied in large-scale production. In this paper, aiming at a limited problem of data processing of converted wave, the aliasing of P-P wave and P-SV wave, the separation accuracy, validity and application range of different wave field separation methods are analyzed and compared. We try to find an effective way to separate P-P wave from P-SV wave. The receiving characteristics of the three-component geophone determine that the geophone on the single component must receive some other types of interference waves (such as the S-wave received by the vertical component) in addition to the main energy components. The P-wave received by the horizontal component). Although we can obtain more effective information by using the conversion wave acquisition technique, due to the limitation of the technology, the conventional P-wave processing and interpretation method will lose a large amount of converted wave effective information. And the low-speed converted wave information will be mistaken as "interference wave", which makes the processing results with a large deviation. The longitudinal and shear waves have different characteristics of wave fields, which make them unable to be processed in the same processing process. Therefore, wave field separation is particularly important. In this paper, the motion and propagation characteristics of seismic waves are analyzed in detail. The methods of wave field separation are divided into two main categories: (1) based on kinematics characteristics, 蟿 -p transform is carried out by using apparent velocity difference of multi-wave data; 2 based on the dynamic characteristics, polarization filtering is carried out by using the spatial vector rotation method of the polarization characteristics of seismic waves. 蟿 -p transformation method, 蟿 -p transformation method based on coordinate stretching, covariance matrix filtering method and so on are introduced. By analyzing the merits and demerits of these methods, it is found that only relying on the single characteristic of seismic waves for separation will be restricted by some factors, such as hypothetical conditions, applicable range, etc., and the separation effect has certain defects. In this paper, a new method of wave field separation, which combines kinematics and dynamics, is proposed, which is based on 蟿 -p transform domain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:P631.44
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